CORRECTION CONCERNING LIFE ZONES OF CANADA 273 



gradation between the Canadian and Upper Austral Zones, and 

 is not characterized by a number of species peculiar to itself but 

 by a fauna and flora made up of southern and northern elements. 

 The Canadian Zone, on the other hand, is characterized by 

 many species. It is forested with coniferous trees, in the east 

 mainly with white spruce (Picea canadensis] , red spruce (Picea 

 rubra) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana). 



Among the characteristic mammals are the Canada lynx, 

 marten, Canada porcupine, varying hare, northern red squirrel, 

 star-nosed mole, northern flying-squirrel and northern jumping- 

 mouse, and among birds the spruce grouse, arctic three-toed 

 woodpecker, olive-sided flycatcher, Canada jay, American cross- 

 bill, white-throated sparrow, slate-colored junco, Blackburnian 

 warbler, Tennessee warbler, magnolia warbler, bay-breasted 

 warbler, myrtle warbler, olive-backed thrush and hermit thrush. 



If any region has a flora and fauna consisting of many Austral 

 species and very few Canadian, it is clearly in the Transition 

 Zone. On the Bruce Peninsula, and on Cove, Bear's Rump, 

 and Flower-pot Islands off the top of the peninsula, white spruce 

 occurs but is scarce, red spruce is absent, and the predominating 

 forest is maple-beech. The following Austral plants, which have 

 an extensive range to the southwest, grow on the peninsula 

 Gentiana procera, Linum medium, Satureja glabra, Solidago rid- 

 dellii and CacaUa tuberosa, and also the following species which 

 have an extensive range to the south Eleocharis acuminata, E. 

 rostellata, Sderia verticillata, Scirpus lineatus, Trillium grandi- 

 florum, Viola rostrata, Rosa Carolina and Uvularia perjoliata. 

 No typical Canadian plants, with the exception of Carex scir- 

 poidea, occur on the peninsula, as Linncea borealis, Cornus cana- 

 densis, Clintonia borealis, Maianthemum canadense and Streptopus 

 roseus which are common, and which are sometimes considered 

 Canadian species, extend far south into the Transition. A fuller 

 discussion of the flora of the peninsula will be found in two of 

 my papers (Klugh, '06, '12). 



Among mammals it is the southern wild cat and not the 

 northern Canada lynx that occurs on the Bruce Peninsula, and 

 the Austral form of the red squirrel, Sciurus hudsonicus loqiiax, 

 and not the northern 6 1 . hudsonicus. 



