3OO E. C. STARRS. 



oped forward from the upper element of the postclavicle to the 

 upper end of the clavicle. 



The pelvic girdle is closely attached along the posterior lower 

 edge of the clavicle. The opposite sides are suturally at- 

 tached along the median line, and together send back a long 

 stout median spine through the middle of the ventral disk. 

 Toward the anterior end each side bears a large foramen. The 

 ventral fins are attached to the outer edges of the girdle, with 

 their bases directed transversely across the body, or towards 

 each other, rather than being attached, as in other forms, to the 

 posterior ends of the girdle with their bases directed forward. 



VERTEBRAL, RIB AND FIN ELEMENTS. 



The abdominal vertebrae number 13, the caudal 19, making 

 with the hypural a total of 33. 



The first vertebra is expanded laterally to accommodate the 

 wide occipital condyle. It bears no ribs. The abdominal ver- 

 tebras as viewed from below are smooth, without longitudinal 

 ridges or pits, and are much constricted at the middle. On the 

 side each bears a deep pit for the reception of the head of the 

 rib. The last two abdominal vertebras bear small parapophyses 

 to the under side of the base of which ribs are attached. The 

 base of each abdominal neural arch is expanded laterally over 

 the head of each rib into a horizontal wing-like process, which 

 grows small and disappears posteriorly. Anteriorly each projects 

 in a point at the side of the preceding neural process. These 

 processes are doubtless zygopophyses, though they might be 

 considered parapophyses, as the ribs are expanded upward to 

 their lower surface, were it not for the small processes on the 

 last abdominal vertebras which, however, prove themselves to be 

 true parapophyses by passing into the hasmapophyses posteriorly 

 The caudal vertebras grow more compressed backwards, and 

 exhibit no peculiarities. In Gobiesox the vertebral formula is as 

 follows: 14 + 21 -f i = 36. The zygopophyses project later- 

 ally as in Caularchus but are not expanded. 



The hypural is symmetrical having a longitudinal incision 

 dividing it into equal parts, each part bearing an equal number 

 of caudal rays. There is no urostyle or other indication of 



