76 FRANK R. LILLIE. 



the granules, after fixation with Flemming's fluid, as shown in 

 Fig. 9. 



The conclusion of this ivliole matter is that there is demonstra- 

 tive evidence of individual movement of all classes of gramiles 

 wider centrifugal power t and no evidence of mass movements of 

 protoplasmic areas. These movements reveal a definite form of 

 concentric organization in the ground substance, which is only 

 indistinctly revealed by the granule arrangement seen in the nor- 

 mal egg. 



It does not require much argument to show that the organiza- 

 tion of the ground substance is the primary factor that determine^ 

 the concentric arrangement of the granules. The idea that the 

 organization in the ground substance is secondarily produced by 

 a given arrangement of granules is contrary to the entire series 

 of results contained in this paper. 



The granules reach their position and form the normal segre- 

 gation pattern by "flowing" movements. Unless the entire 

 argument of the present paper is incorrect, the flowing move- 

 ments are simply granule movements within a firmly organized 

 ground substance, determined by unknown factors involved in 

 the relations of nucleus and granules to each other and to the 

 ground substance. 



It is incredible to me that vital organization can be bound up 

 in a flux of all protoplasmic constituents. Vital processes must 

 be bound up with some firm condition of aggregation in the pro- 

 toplasm. 



But how, it may be asked, are polarity and bilaterality con- 

 nected with the concentric organization of the ground substance 

 revealed by centrifuging ? The answer to this question is not at 

 all obvious. These properties are shown by the experiments to 

 be properties of the ground substance ; and the experiments 

 further show, as illustrated in Fig. 8, that the ground substance 

 is merely distorted, not essentially altered by centrifugal force, 

 and this furnishes a physical basis for the persistence of polarity 

 and bilaterality in the original directions. But their nature is not 

 in the least revealed by the experiments. The results only fur- 

 nish a partial answer to the old question, how life and organiza- 

 tion can exist in a total flux of materials, by showing that the 

 flux is only partial. 



