EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON GERM CELLS OF FUNDULUS. 39! 



fertilization may be much upset in their development by these 

 alkali solutions of relatively low concentrations. 



5. Types of Defects. 



It is interesting and significant to note that treatments of the 

 eggs for only fifteen and twenty minutes prior to fertilization 

 produce most of the defective types secured by treatments for 

 long periods, twenty-four hours or more, beginning in the early 

 cleavage stages. Stockard ('10) has so thoroughly described 

 these alcoholic types that it is only necessary here to refer to his 

 paper on the effect of alcohol on the development of Fundulus. 



Some of the type monsters secured are figured in the text. 

 Several anophthalmic monsters were produced, one of those 



FIG. 10. A normal embryo six days old drawn to same scale as monsters. 

 FIG. n. An anophthalmic monster of four days from egg treated with two per 

 cent, alcohol in sea water prior to fertilization with untreated sperm. 



figured showing a condition of spina bifida at the posterior end 

 (Fig. 12) . One or two cases of asymmetricum monophthalmicum 

 (Fig. 13) occurred. Some showed the eyes curiously turned 

 under towards each other on the ventral surface. Very few 

 cases of cyclopia occurred, and these in eggs that showed an 

 unusually large number of defective individuals, and it would 

 be inferred that were in a very critical period at the time of 

 treatment. 



Quite a large proportion were generally defective, with much 



