NASO-LABIAL GROOVE OF LUNGLESS SALAMANDERS. II 



out through the anterior fontanelle, and finally send several 

 tubules laterally as far back as the dorsal edge of the orbit. 



The naso-labial glands are in no sense a new discovery. 

 Under various names they have been described at least in part 

 by Wiedersheim ('76), Seydel ('95), Born ('77) and Bruner ('96 

 and '01). Wiedersheim ('76) in particular mentions the enormous 

 extent of large external glandular masses in various species of 

 Pletlwdon, Spe/erpes, Batrachoseps, GyinnopJiilns (Gyrinophilus ?) 

 and Cliioglossa. It is interesting to note with regard to this list, 

 marie eighteen years before the discovery that any of the sala- 

 manders are lungless, that the first four of the genera are now 

 known to be lungless while so far as I know the fifth, Chioglossa, 

 has not been investigated as to a possible lungless condition. 



Other investigators, particularly Bruner ('96) mention under 

 the discussion of external nasal glands in general, some of the 

 Plethodontidce and Desmognathida as genera in which such 

 glands occur. The glands to which Bruner referred were un- 

 doubtedly the two of the naso-labial group which open in con- 

 nection with the naris. I cannot find in these authors, however, 

 any indication of an appreciation of the great difference in size 

 and importance between these glands of lungless forms and those 

 similarly named which occur in the lunged forms. Bruner, in 

 fact, in discussing the function of the external nasal glands 

 mentions particularly that the extent of the glands exceeds 

 very little that of the apcrtura nasalis extends, a fact which is 

 in general true of the lunged salamanders but is, as has been 

 shown above, far from true in the case of the members of the 

 lungless families. Moreover, the course of the glands in the 

 lunged species which I have examined lies between the nasal 

 capsule and the maxillary bones, while in the Desmognaihidce 

 and Plethodontidce these glands are in the main external to all 

 the skeletal parts. 



With regard also to the exact location of the orifices of these 

 naso-labial glands the facts seem not to have been clearly and 

 completely stated. Wiedersheim ('76), indeed, located the ori- 

 fices of the glands in Batrachoseps and Spc/crpes upon the border 

 of the upper lip. He was probably misled, however, by the 

 close association of the ultimate gland tubules with those of the 



