ECOLOGICAL SV< < E-MON 31 



environment, the fii>t essential in study of their environmental 

 relations. 



2. Method.- -The method of analysis employed in this paper 

 i- ba-ed on pi tphy- The relation of physiography to 



<< olo",y in thi- nalogou- to the relations of the microtome 



to .niatomy, tin- el.-etric nei-dlc t" experimental morphology, and 

 reagents to phy-iolo-y. Ecology i- in much the same state as 

 wa- morphology when papers and treatises on methods 



were necessary. 



The object of thi- ' > pe of analy-i- and of locating the animal 

 in it- environment, i- to determine the physiological character of 

 the animal as a 7. //<*/<. The method of procedure i- through the 

 -tud\ of the complex condition- in which the or^ani-m i> nio-t 

 nearly in ph\ -iolo-i.-.tl equilibrium. >oine p 1 in the actual 



anal\-i- of the or^aiii-m can dollbtle-- also be made by thi- 

 method. Variation ami modili. at i .n of ph\ -iol< .-ical make up 

 ma\ ,il-o be iletected. I'll'. . :iial\-i- i- then a bio- 



. al method. ||oue\er. both th ni-m and the eiuiron- 



meiit mii-t be ,mal\/ed mn< h further. In \\\\> further anal\-i- 

 the succession 01 t he e\ oluiioii of the environmenl i- an important 

 background and mu-t fr.rm the ba-i- for the ^election of poim- 

 ot -tud\. lor i oinpari-oii of rr-ult- and oixani/at ion in general. 



VmOl IstS and -oine bio! . the ple-elice ot the 



-ame or -imilai taxoiiomic ^roii|)- i- olleii taki-n to indicate 

 -imilariix ! i ondition-. While CCOloglStS mus! -ometime- follow 



this method of reasoning, their method of procedure i> in tin- main 

 reversed. I he,,-.,. i are studied and the presence or absence 



of a ^i\en -et ot <'t w ani-m- noted. In -uch a detailed -et ol 

 condition- as the-e \\ith uhich ue are dealing, the old line ot 

 reasoning -hould not be |ollo\\ed. The mod: liability ol beha\ ior 

 -peak- a^ain-t it. 1 Thi- i- not a contribution to ph> -io^raphy. 

 The ph\ -io-taph\ in\ol\i-d i- well kno\\ n to element a r> -indent-, 

 of that -llbjecl . 



l'h\ -io^i-.iphic anal\-i- i- a met ho. 1 like all other method- ,.| 



science to be impio\.-d. modified or rejected, according as it h.t- 



l.-l.v,-//:, Mini, Ml : :i !>th |)cuitl- ;in,l -Ui-.illi-. 



Mi \\ i \:i,-,- In- I mi in I th.il tli<- I M-l i.i \ i,,r , liai.i. tera Ol tl"- imli\ iilual- inlial.it- 

 inv; tin- streams an.l ponds are hiirn-iit. !! has partially i lum^-il tin- -ti.-.ini 

 pi.nil i,.ro l>y kn-piiii; tlu-'ii in poivl cniKlilii'ii- ami vie. 



