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CARL RICHARD MOORE. 



and subsequent transplantations of sex glands of the opposite 

 nature. To mention specific data, Steinach and Holzknecht ('16, 

 pp. 493 and 495) publish the following weights: (a) normal male, 

 980 grams; normal female, 808 grams; femininized males, 516 

 grams; and (b) normal female, 845 grams; normal male, 1,002 

 grams; masculinized female, 1,200 grams. Since the above writ- 

 ers believe that an ovary graft femininizes an animal, the data of 

 (a) theoretically shows that the ovary graft has so functioned as 

 to reduce the weight of the male to such an extent that it is 47 

 per cent, lower in weight than had it continued a normal male, 

 and is indeed 36 per cent, below the weight of a normal female; 

 thus the ovarian grafted male is more female than the normal 

 female herself. Also, since a testis graft masculinizes an animal, 

 the data of (b) indicates to them that the female, as a result of 

 the testis graft, has gained 42 per cent, in weight above what it 

 would have been had it remained a normal female, and to have 

 increased in weight 19 per cent, above the normal male ; thus, here 

 also, the animal is considered much more a male, as an after effect 

 of the testis graft, than the normal male. 



Instead of showing that the ovary has a decided effect in lower- 

 ing body weight, my own results on the guinea pig show that 

 females deprived of the ovaries are lighter in weight up to the 

 end of the first year than those possessing ovaries. While it is 

 true the normal males are heavier than castrated males (indicating, 

 possibly, that the testis promotes growth), nevertheless the aver- 

 ages of the two groups throughout the year give a difference of 

 but 7.6 per cent, in favor of the normal males, as against the 

 tremendous differences in the case of Steinach and Holzknecht. 

 Comparisons of animals of the same litter do not afford more 

 convincing arguments in favor of weight comparisons. One ex- 

 ample being sufficient, attention is directed in Table I. to females 

 19 and 20. These two animals of the same litter (sisters) 

 were kept in the same cage throughout their entire life and hence 

 possessed equal chances of growth ; each suffered no reversals, but 

 continued to increase consistently for the 360 days, yet 19 main- 

 tained a weight from 15 to 20 per cent, above 20 throughout the 

 entire period of observation. Let us suppose that 19 had been 

 spayed and received a testis graft at an early age. Comparisons 



