212 



CHAS. W. HARG1TT. 



One other feature in connection with the subject must be noted, 

 namely, that among the several cases, the ova were found in every 

 case in distinctly male gonophores. Among hundreds of female 

 gonophores examined there was not the slightest evidence of male 

 elements among them. Figs. I and 2 show sections through 

 two hermaphroditic gonophores. At b Fig. I is developing a 



FIG. 2. Cross-section of hydranth showing development of gonophores. b, her- 

 maphrodite gonophore ; c, early stages of same ; d, spermary. 



typical male gonad, while at c and d are shown what are evidently 

 destined to be mixed gonads. Similar conditions are also shown 

 in Fig. 2, which is a camera sketch of a section across the entire 

 hydranth and gonophores. 



It has long been known that among actinians a form of herma- 

 phroditism, involving successive sexual rhythms, known as pro- 

 tandry or protogyny, occurs. Duerdon ('04), in his studies of 

 West Indian corals has found warrant for believing that protogyny 

 is the predominant condition, since " spermaries have never been 

 found alone, but always associated with large numbers of ova ; 

 on the other hand, many polyps have been found with ova alone, 

 often few in number, as if sexual maturity were but beginning." 

 At the same time he quotes from Mr. Stanley Gardiner, who 

 having studied a large number of developmental stages in Flabel- 



