106 RALPH S. LILLIE AXD WARE CATTELL. 



containing the eggs, was inserted between the two agar bridges at 

 the center of the paper- paraffin dish. This basket consisted of a 

 frame of slender wooden sticks reinforced with thread and paraffin, 

 to which silk bolting cloth was sewn. The bolting cloth had 200 

 threads to the inch thus confining the eggs, yet allowing a free 

 circulation of water. The apparatus was set on a wooden block 

 in a large pan. A stream of sea water of considerable force was 

 directed through a glass nozzle against the bottom of the paper- 

 paraffin vessel on the opposite side of the basket from the slit. 

 In this way a swift stream of water through the basket was ob- 

 tained. After passing through the basket the water ran out of 

 the slit down the side of the block into the pan where it was re- 

 moved with a siphon. A small thermometer was p'aced with its 

 bulb resting on the bottom of the basket. 



In carrying out these experiments the usual procedure was as 

 follows. The sea w r ater and the current were started and the 

 temperature was allowed to reach its position of equilibrium. 

 Then with a pipette a quantity of eggs was placed in the cloth 

 basket, and at the stated intervals the portions were removed to 

 stender dishes of sea water for observation. 



The density of current was estimated from the ammeter reading 

 and the average depth of the layer of running water in the 

 paraffined vessel. Under these conditions, even with densities so 

 high as 600 to 800 ma./cm., the current could be passed for several 

 minutes without raising the temperature above 29, and with 

 lower densities the temperature showed little increase over that 

 of the sea water without the current. In one of the experiments 

 with a strong current (ammeter reading 680-790 ma./cm.) passed 

 for four minutes, the temperature reading was 29 for most of the 

 period of flow but reached 3O-3i for a few seconds toward the 

 end. In a second similar experiment, with a range of 648-810 

 ma./cm., in which eggs were removed to normal sea water at 

 intervals of |, i, i| and 2 minutes, the temperature reading was 

 unfortunately lost; probably 3O-3i was reached in this case 

 also. 



With such strong currents the eggs showed marked deformation 

 during the period of exposure, adopting shapes of the kind shown 

 in Fig. 2. This effect is temporary; within a few minutes after 



