' PVLORIC GLAND"" OF THE ASCIDIAN BOTRYLLUS. 47 



is composed of closed vi-ick-- lined by an nonciliated epithelium 

 which encloses a fluid in which are suspended one or more rela- 

 tively large concretion-. There may be many small vesicles as 

 in Ascidia and Ascidiella. In Cynthia we have a few larger 

 \e-icle- and in Mnl'^uln a -inje large one. 



In a kidney of a< < umulati< .n. ihc waste matter of the organism 



isston-d ii|) in the form of a -olid \\hich i- freed from theon;ani-m 



only by death. Harmer 'ij has described such an organ in the 



ectoprocta and the kidney of arcumnlation can In- found in -everal 



I]'- of .uiimal-. In the Tunicata other i.ruan- have been 



described as kidneys of i -ion. Julin ')i -u-^c-ted that the 



neural jjand had perhap- an .-\. function. Metealf t'oo), 



On reviewing the sul if the neural -land. c.>n-ider- that there 



is no evidence to support the \ie\\ ..t Julin. Koule Vj '85) on 



the other h.nid. d-< ribeil about tin- opening of the deferent ranal 

 in Cimiti a nia-- ol pigment cell- uhich according to thj- author 

 i- a kidne\ ii| t -\ M lion. 



I" the \ie\\ that tlu- p\l<>ii< Jand i- a kidney, there i- one 



serious objection. This is the fact that Hem found in ihe 



p\ lorn vjand .,! Siil{: a ilia-:.iiic ferment i ' abundaiicf. 



'1 hi- \\tnild -i t-in in be a -n. ument in fa\-r of a dii^e-tixe 



function for the or^.m \\ere it not that -uch a fernii-nt i- found in 

 the kidnex- ol certain mammal-, -parin^K in the do^ it i-> true 

 but lit hl\ in the rabbit < Ippenheiniei , '< n 



\\ e ha\ e ill t ertain I or m- of tunicate- a kidne\ of a< umulat i- !!, 

 but in nearK all i;roii|>- a |i\loii< eland. The Appendicularia- 

 \\hith are \\ithout it an minute that all their 



ti--ue-. it not actualh bathetl b\ the sea uater, are in cl"-e 

 proximity to it. SO that the need of -pet ial or^an- of tAcretimi i- 

 not unite SO urgent. He that a- it may the i|ue-tion naturalh' 

 ari-e-, lia- thi- limit ale ot-an au\ charaiN-r- in common with 

 the e\cretoi\ or-aii- of other ^nuip- of animal.--' 



The -hape and characier of the terminal bulb-, and the duct- 

 ate parallelled in part by the multit ellular ciliai) (lames found in 

 the Nemertinea. A -ection of the terminal end of a duct in 

 Linen* "by 1'imiiett (*u shows a condition verj -imilar to that 



of the a-cidian. Mach > ell of the or-an beai> a single ilagellum 

 whit h i- direct eil a\\a\ from the blind end of the tube. That the 



