2/8 C. H. TURNER. 



one of the red boxes I placed a red box on the sides and top of 

 which I had pasted bits of white paper. This gave a box with 

 red front and spotted sides. Into this box I placed some honey. 

 The bees that approached this box from the front always entered 

 immediately; the majority of those that approached the sides 

 paused a moment, then went to the nearest red box. 



Whether this is a true color vision or simply a greyness dis- 

 crimination is no easy question to answer; indeed, from our view- 

 point, it does not seem an important one. If what to us is red 

 and green appears to the bees as two distinct sensations, as a 

 factor for controlling behavior, it will have the same value to 

 the bee whether it is a red-green discrimination or a grey-grey 

 discrimination. However, the following line of reasoning has 

 led me to believe this a case of true color-vision. Bees that had 

 learned to respond to red boxes in the shadow of the weeds would 

 respond, without hesitation, to similar boxes placed in the sun- 

 shine. They responded to the boxes when the sun was shining 

 brightly just as readily as they did when a dark cloud hid the 

 face of the sun. The brightness content of a body in the bright 

 sunlight is quite unlike the brightness content of the same body 

 when in the shadow of weeds; the brightness content of a body 

 in the sunshine is quite unlike the brightness content of the 

 same body beneath a cloudy sky. The only factor common to 

 all of these cases is redness; hence I feel that, with the bees, it 

 is a case of true color vision. 



Although odor as a incitive to reflex actions does not play any 

 part in leading bees to flowers, yet odor as a sensation does. If 

 a large number of bees are collecting honey from a cluster of 

 boxes that are all of the same color and you allow the honey of 

 some of those boxes to become practically exhausted while that 

 in the others is constantly replenished, when the workers ap- 

 proach the boxes that are practically exhausted, they, as a rule, 

 do not pass inside; but, pausing momentarily before the box, 

 pass on to one of those with an abundant store of honey. Re- 

 plenish the empty tray with honey, and the next bee that ap- 

 proaches that box will enter (Ex. 29). This, to my mind, shows 

 that when a bee approaches a box and finds the honey-odor weak 

 she immediately departs for a box where the honey-odor is 

 stronger. 



