H. H. NEWMAN. 



SPECIFIC DISTRIBUTION AND FREQUENCY OF BAND ANOMALIES. 



Little need be added to the data given in Table A, 1,2, 3, 

 which shows the anomalies found in 1,800 adult specimens. 

 On previous occasions I have made records of over 1,000 other 

 specimens and have failed to find any other types of diversity 

 than those shown in this table. So it may be considered as 

 established that we have before us in this collection an adequate 

 representation of the diversity of band anomalies and their 

 distribution among the various bands. Although no two ir- 

 regular bands in unrelated individuals are just alike there are 

 certain well-defined classes of anomaly such as the bilateral 

 (symmetrical or asymmetrical) and the unilateral. There are 

 types single on the margins and double in the middle; there are 

 types double at the margin and single in the middle; and there 

 are mixed types. 



Specimens 1-14 show various types of anomaly in which the 

 bands are single at the margin with bilateral regions of doubling. 

 Specimens 15 to 35 show unilateral expressions of the same types 

 of anomaly. Specimens 36-42 show various mixed types, which 

 are perhaps reversals of anomalies of the two sides of the indi- 

 viduals. Fig. 42 is an especially interesting case of such a 

 reversal of symmetry, for the right and left halves of the band 

 are duplicates but are not mirror-image effects. They bear the 

 same relation to each other as the reversed finger prints found 

 occasionally on the right and left index fingers of human duplicate 

 twins, as shown by Wilder. 



Some of the cases of exact bilateral symmetry, such as those 

 in specimens 5, 7 and 36 are very significant, and there are all 

 degrees of inexact bilateral duplication of anomalies ranging from 

 specimens 12, 4, 8, n, 14 down to specimens 13, 10, 9, 6, etc. 



It must not be forgotten that there are no two anomalies alike 

 in nearly three thousand specimens taken at random. When, 

 therefore, we find, as we soon shall, exact duplicate anomalies 

 in two or more fetuses in a set we shall not be able to explain 

 them as coincidences. 



Having made clear the nature of the anomalies and their 

 diversity and distribution in the species, we are now in a position 

 to examine the data on the inheritance of these characters. 



