114 p - w - WHITING AND ANNA R. WHITING. 



occurred as recessive characters are visible in the body and 

 breeding tests show that gonads are haploid. In the case of 

 freak 264, the aberrant proportion of black and orange daughters, 

 the significant change in this proportion with advancing maturity, 

 and the greater defectiveness of black daughters as well as their 

 greater capacity to transmit defectiveness, indicate that gonads 

 are mosaic rather than diheterozygous. 



It may of course be assumed that any two or more of the 

 four products of maturation took part in cleavage. If a de- 

 rivative of the "first polar body" as well as the "female pro- 

 nucleus" were thus involved the first division may have been 

 either entirely reductional, entirely equational, or in part re- 

 ductional, in part equational. 



According to the hypothesis assumed, that the first polar body 

 takes no part in embryo formation, the first oocyte division 

 must be in part reductional, in part equational. 



Thus for freaks 65, 154, and 256 Oo must have undergone 

 post-reduction; for freak 185, Oo and probably S n s n underwent 

 post-reduction; for freak 264, Oo and D x d x underwent post- 

 reduction, while D n d II95 and Ww underwent pre-reduction. In 

 the case of freak 280 the black-eyed male mosaic for reduced, 

 Oo, probably underwent pre-reduction, while Rr underwent post- 

 reduction. 



Gynandromorphs. 



The fourteen gynandromorphs discussed in the present paper 

 came from bisexual fraternities. This is consistent with the 

 theory that they arose from fertilized eggs. Freak 5, with black 

 eyes, female head, gives critical evidence of this for its mother 

 was orange, its father black. It also precludes the possibility 

 of matroclinous female parts developed thelytokously. Three 

 parents of the two gynandromorphs of brevicornis and of five of 

 juglandis had no obvious factorial differences other than sex. 

 The character shown by three others was possessed by both 

 parents, the mothers being heterozygous. 



Freaks 32 and 248 with male head, black eyes, had black 

 mother and orange father, while freak 255 with male head, 

 orange eyes, had heterozygous mother, black father. Male 

 parts of these three must therefore have been derived from the 

 mother. In the case of freak 255 at least reduction occurred. 



