1/4 H. H. NEWMAN. 



this no damage seems to have been suffered. No doubt the 

 violent contact of these organs is somewhat painful to both par- 

 ties in the struggle, for, judging by their nerve supply, they must 

 be very sensitive. 



For diagrams showing the average distribution of contact 

 organs in spawning males of the four species see Text Plate II. of 

 the paper previously referred to. 



ARRANGEMENT AND POSITION OF CONTACT ORGANS ON SCALES 



AND FINS. 



On the Scales. At the height of the spawning season they 

 occupy the entire free edge of the scales on which they occur, 

 standing out like curved fingers at an angle of about thirty de- 

 grees from the flat surface of the scale. The scales of the body 



FIG. 8. Camera drawing (X4) f the head of a male Funditlus majalis witb 

 complete equipment of contact organs. Notice that the latter occur at fairly regular 

 intervals along all free margins of the scales. 



proper have only an arc of their circumference free and hence 

 can produce contact organs only on this free surface (see Figs, 

 i, 3, 5 and 6). On the head and cheeks, however, many of the 

 scales are plate-like with the whole circumference free. In the 

 latter case contact organs occur around the whole margin. Fig. & 

 shows in detail the distribution of the organs on the head of typical 

 male of F. majalis, in which the scales show varying amounts of 



