NEW PERMIAN VERTEBRATES. 245 



selves have suffered in the preparation, though their roots are 

 clearly to be seen. On the premaxillary there are three stout 

 teeth, the largest of the series of either jaw. Of these the third 

 is the smallest, the first and second of nearly equal size, judging 

 from their roots. Back of the premaxillary teeth, in addition to 

 the roots seen on the right side, the teeth themselves are pre- 

 served on the left side, crowded rather closely upon the mandi- 

 ble. They are all rather small, the fifth or sixth of the series, 

 counting the premaxillary teeth, about a third of the distance to 

 the orbit back of the narial opening, is the largest. They are all 

 rather obtusely pointed, and are separated by spaces about equal 

 to or somewhat less than the width of the teeth themselves. In 

 a space of ten millimeters back of the largest maxillary tooth 

 there are five teeth. The mandibular teeth cannot be made out. 

 It is altogether probable that there are additional teeth in sec- 

 ondary rows upon the maxilla and dentary, but the close union 

 of the mandibles with the cranium prevents their detection. 



The palate is very fully exposed and is undistorted. The in- 

 ternal nares, placed far forward, are above the mandibles and yet 

 concealed by the matrix. The broad, flat palatines and vomers 

 for sutures are nowhere determinable diverge very gradually 

 to about midway between the mandibular symphysis and the 

 basisphenoid, where they separate more widely, leaving a rather 

 large ovate space, yet filled in with matrix. I can distinguish no 

 presphenoid in this ovate space, but it is possible one exists di- 

 rected obliquely toward the roof of the skull. Along the margin 

 of these bones by the side of the ovate opening and anteriorly are 

 one or two rows of minute tubercular teeth, and, just in front of 

 the descending convexity of the transverse, there is an oblique 

 row of six or seven palatine teeth on each side. The lateral pal- 

 atal plates descend posteriorly in a convex surface, to nearly the 

 lower margin of the mandibles, with a thinned, convex posterior 

 margin. The lower convexity of these transverse bones (for they 

 are doubtless separate elements, though they have never been 

 suturally distinguished) is covered with a patch of tubercular 

 teeth. The union of the pterygoids with the basisphenoid is 

 very evident in the constriction at either side of the front of the 

 basisphenoid, but the suture is not determinable. From this con- 



