GORDIACEA I-' ROM THE COPE COLLECTION. 97 



surface view they appear to be more or less clearly separated 

 from one another, on cross-section they are seen to be con- 

 nected at their bases. On section (Figs. 2-4) most of them 

 appear of a conical or rounded conical outline, with rounded or 

 flattened smooth summits ; but in some the summits are notched 

 or toothed, and this is especially the case with those tubercles 

 found on the margins of the papillar groups next to be described. 



(2) Papillae, which on surface view of the cuticle (Fig. 5) 

 appear darker than the tubercles just described, owing to their 

 greater height. On the surface of the cuticle they are arranged 

 in groups of two kinds (Fig. 6, where only these groups of papil- 

 lae are shown, and none of the tubercles ; and Fig. 5, where 

 both tubercles and papillae are shown) : (a) In larger groups 

 consisting of from about twenty-five to fifty papillae (usually 

 about forty) each ; and (d) in pairs, the pairs being much more 

 numerous than the larger groups. The line joining the two 

 papillae of a pair lies in the transverse axis of the body, and not 

 infrequently two or three pairs of papillae may lie in such close 

 juxtaposition as to form transverse rows of four or six papillae 

 each. In the larger groups of papillae the center of each group 

 is occupied by papillae of less height than those on the periph- 

 ery, or is devoid of papillae. These papillae may be readily 

 recognized on surface view, in addition to their dark coloring, 

 by the clearer central portion, which is often narrow and slit- 

 like (Fig. 5). 



Transverse sections of the cuticle (Figs. 14) show these 

 papillae in two forms. First, there are long, comparatively slen- 

 der, finger-shaped papillae, with smooth outlines and rounded 

 summits ; some of these attain a height nearly equal to the 

 transverse diameter of the underlying fibrous portion of the 

 cuticle. And, secondly, there are papillae of greater diameter 

 at the base, but less height, which lie among the former kind, 

 and may be distinguished by the irregular notching and tuber- 

 culation of their summits and sides. The clear central portion 

 of these papillae seen on surface view is shown on cross-section 

 to be a clear axial core running the whole length of the papilla 

 and representing possibly a pore canal. 



On none of these papillae have I been able to find terminal 



