218 



CHILD. 



[VOL. I. 



Figure / 



Before proceeding to the description of the abnormalities a 

 brief description of the normal anatomy of the proglottid is 

 necessary. In this species the proglottids are always much 

 wider than long, but the relation between width and length 

 varies considerably both with age and with the degree of con- 

 traction. Fig. i is a figure, viewed from the ventral surface, of 

 a normal proglottid at the stage when the testes are ripe, or a 

 little later, i.e., about the stage when fertilization occurs. The 

 furrows between the proglottids are schematically represented by 

 a single line here, as in most of the figures. As a matter of fact, 

 the posterior edges of the surfaces of each segment lap over the 



FIG. i. 



surfaces of the succeeding segment, i.e., the furrow does not cut 

 into the body perpendicularly to the surface but obliquely for- 

 ward. Along the furrows on each surface, except near the 

 edges of the segments, occur a varying number of small glands 

 -the inter-proglottidal glands (Fig. i, gL\ each of which opens 

 by a distinct pore into the bottom of the furrow. At each side 

 of the segment appear the two longitudinal nephridial tubes, the 

 large ventral, ;/, and the smaller sinuous dorsal, ;/. Transverse 

 tubes, though visible in earlier stages, are very difficult to find 

 later. 



The terms "ventral" and "dorsal" are applied to the body 

 of the cestode as follows : the ventral surface is the surface 

 nearest which the ovaries and vitellaria lie, and the testes are 

 situated near the dorsal surface. 



Each proglottid possesses normally two pores lying near the 

 middle of the two edges, but rather nearer the dorsal than the 



