154 



SAKYO KANDA. 



TABLE III. 



EFFECT OF ISOTONIC SALT SOLUTIONS. 



and sulphate solutions, the reversing effect of the former eight 

 salts would seem to be specific. The chlorine and sulphate ions 

 in these twelve salts being the same, the specific action of isotonic 

 sodium, lithium, potassium or ammonium chloride and sulphate 

 solutions seems to be due essentially to cations instead of anions. 

 The effective order of these cations may be expressed as follows : 



Na + <Li+<K + <NH 4 + 



That a yellow pigment contained in the cells of the larvae 

 diffused out into the medium, when treated with the mixture of 

 isotonic Na 2 SO 4 or NH 4 C1 solution and sea-water, was striking. 

 This took place between eight and ten minutes after the treatment 

 A similar exit of pigment was first observed by Lillie in isotonic 

 NaCl, KC1 and NH 4 C1 solutions, and has been generally re- 

 garded as indicating an increased permeability of the cell mem- 

 brane. 



A question arises whether the reversal of positive heliotropism 

 of the larvae was due directly to the diffusion of cations into the 

 cells as indicated above or not. In the cases of Na 2 SO 4 and 



