486 



ELECTRO-PHYSIOLOGY 



Electrical columns (prisms), ii. 360, 370 ; 

 enumeration, 393 ff. 



Electrical current, action on electrical organ, 

 i. 425 ff. ; on muscle, i. 174 ff. ; on 

 nerve, ii. 116 ff. ; on protozoa, i. 299 ; 

 resistance of muscle, i. 200 ; of nerve, 

 ii. 304. See Constant current 



cause of electrolysis in living matter, i. 



317 



Electrical fishes, discharge from, ii. 407 ff. ; 

 conduction by air (sparking), 417 ; 

 direction, 416 ; discontinuous nature, 

 424 ; distribution of potential, 414 ; 

 duration, 434 ; electrolytic action, 



420 ; latent period, 432 ; partial, 



421 ; reproducible on models, 416 ; 

 telephone observation's, 413, 424 ; 

 temperature effect of, 459 ; theory 

 of, 453, 461 ff. ; time-relations, 431 ; 

 voluntary and reflex (strychnin), 423 



derivation theory, ii. 418 



electromotivity, ii. 443 ff. 



immunity to curare, ii. 429 



pseudo-electrical manifestations, ii. 420 

 Electrical organ, excitation, ii. 425 ; chemical 



(ammonia), i. 428 ; direct, 428 ; in- 

 direct, 423 ; mechanic.il, 425 



- E.M.F., ii. 443 ; pre-existeuce of, 445 ; 



"resting" current, 443 



homology with striated muscle, ii. 379, 



385, 390, 431 



iunervation, ii. 422 



irreciprocity of conduction, ii. 456 



pseudo-electrical, ii. 376 ff. 



reaction, ii. 465 



reflex discharges and tetanus (strychnin), 



ii. 423 



secondary action, ii. 431 



secondary electromotive action (polarisa- 



tion), ii. 447 ff. 



structure, ii. 357 ff. 



tetanisation, ii. 426 



Electrical plates, ii. 361, 377 ; Schunlein's 



theory of "nerve-endings," 430 

 Electro-cardiogram, i. 408 

 Electrodes, vmpolarisable for muscle, i. 



174 ; for leading off discharge of 



electrical fishes, ii. 410 

 Electrolysis, i. 317 ; ii. 198, 326, 420 

 Electromotive action, in crayfish muscle, 



i. 410 



in electrical fishes, ii. 407 ff. 



- in epithelial and gland cells, i. 461 ; 



theory of cell-currents, 462 



in the eye, ii. 470 ff. 



- in lingual currents, i. 4<>4 



in man, i. 391 



in mammalian heart, i. 404 



in mammalian >\vcat glands, i. 513 



- in muscle, i. 320 If. 



in nerve, ii. 227 ff. ; cooled, 247; 



molluscan, 243 ; moribund, i. 230 ; 



non-medullated, 281 ; non-medullated 

 olfactory of pike, 236, 243 ; sensory, 

 235 ; with chemical and thermal exci- 

 tation, 252 

 Electromotive action in plant cells, ii. 1 ff. 



in polarisable schemata, ii. 298 



secondary, in electrical organ, ii. 447 ; in 



muscle, i. 442 ff. ; in nerve, ii. 309 ff. 



skin currents, i. 478 ff. 



strychnin spasm, i. 410 



in sub-maxillary glands, i. 510 



in throat and cloaca, i. 473 

 - theory, ii. 315 



Electromotive cell-unit (Munk) or cell-com- 

 plex (Burden-Sanderson) in plants, ii. 

 29 



Electrotonus, definition, ii. 144 ; dis- 

 similarity in muscle and nerve, 140 



anelectrotomisaiidkateletrotonus, defini- 



tion, ii. 144, 335 ; difference between, 

 268, 279 



in anaesthesia, i. 450 ; ii. 294 



importance of medullated sheath, 269 ii. 



in man, ii. 152 ff. 



in muscle (polar alterations of excita- 



bility), i. 280 ; ii. 140 ff., 307, 308 



in nerve, ii. 140 ff. ; cooled and etherised 



medullated nerve, 286 ; medullated, 

 266 ff. ; non-medullated, 281 



physical and physiological, ii. 250, 294 



in polarisable schemata, ii. 298 



reaction during excitation (current of 



action in electrotonised nerve), ii. 

 314 



secondary after-effects in muscle, i. 287 



291, 442 ff. ; in nerve, ii. 309 ff. 



secondary electrotonus, ii. 270 



time-relations, ii. 272, 279 



undulatory character, ii. 301 

 -theory, ii. 298, 315 



E.M.F., measurement of, i. 335 ; in electri- 

 cal organ, ii. 464 



End-brush (Wagner), ii. 361 



End-plates, i. 384 ; ii. 338 ff. ; electrical 

 (Scluinlein's theory), 430 



Epithelial muscles, i. 10 ; muscle-cells, 10 



Ether, action on laryngeal muscles, ii. 98 ; 

 on lingual current, i. 473 ; on muscle 

 current, 359 ; on nerve, ii. 61, 75, 

 294 ; on polarisation after-currents, i. 

 450 



Excitability and conductivity, ii. 64 ; and 

 contractility, i. 452 



Excitability, of central reflex organs (nerve- 

 cells), ii. 106 



of crayfish claw, ii. 98 



of electrical nerves, ii. 423 ff. 



of end-organs (peripheral and central), ii. 



105 



of the eye, ii. 470 



of muscle, i. 54 ff. ; different muscles, 57 



ff. ; dying muscle, 182, 343; in flexors 



