PHYLOGENY OF THE NEMOCERA. 269 



most ancient hitherto observed in Diptera, a character which 

 existed before there were winged insects, and consequently before 

 venation, a character which is quite in agreement with the idea 

 that the Rhyphidae are among the most archaic types, the least 

 specialized of all flies. 



SUMMARY OF NEW OBSERVATIONS. 



1. Ankylosis of middle joints of antennae of Scatopse. 



2. Fused distal joints in the antenna? of Diloplius. 



3. Observations on the legs of myriapods and insects. 



4. The tibial bristles of Panorpa, the Rhyphidae, Myceto- 

 philidae, Tipulidae, Leptidae and Phoridae are all of the same 

 peculiar structure, and, excluding the Phoridae, the general 

 pubescence of the legs is approximately similar. 



5. A peculiar structure exists in the mouths of some Myriapoda, 

 and similar structures in the palpi of the Rhyphidae and Simulidae. 



6. The pharyngeal pump has been found in the heads of the 

 Rhyphidae, Psychodidae, a Ceratopogon, Scatopse and the Simu- 

 lidae; and it has been dissected out in a vestigial condition from 

 the heads of H&matopota plmialis and Tabanus africanus 9 



7. A Ceratopogon with mandibles has been found. 



8. An observation on the number of receptacula of Lonclwptera 

 flavicaiida is recorded. 



9. A suggestion is offered that the peculiar genitalia of the 

 Rhyphidse have some affinity with those of the Tabanidae and 

 Leptidae. 



10. The mentum is fully developed in the Rhyphidae, another 

 important link connecting the Nemocera with the Brachycera. 



