AUDITORY POWERS OF CATOCALA MOTHS. 2QI 



4. We do not consider the failure of these moths to respond to 

 certain sounds of low pitch a proof that they do not hear such 

 sounds; indeed, we are inclined to believe that these creatures 

 respond only to such sounds as have a life significance. Three 

 things render this last assumption probable: (i) The fact that 

 C. nnijuga, which at first did not respond .to whistling, did so 

 readily after once a blast of air had been allowed to strike her 

 body simultaneously with the sounding of the whistle; (2) that 

 most of the natural enemies of these moths produce high pitched 

 sounds and trains, and brass bands and other producers of low 

 pitched or coarse sounds do not directly affect the survival of 

 these moths; and (3) by carefully conducted field experiments, 

 we were able to induce three specimens of C. neogama to respond 

 to sounds to which the species does not usually react. 



REFERENCES. 



The following list is not intended to be a complete bibliography 

 of the sense of hearing of insects. It contains only such articles 

 as have been referred to in the body of this paper. An effort 

 has been made, however, to include all papers treating of experi- 

 ments upon the auditory powers of the Lepidoptera. If any 

 such have been omitted, it is because they have escaped our 

 notice. 



Adelung, Nicolai von, 



'92 Beitraege zur Kenntnis des Tibialen Gehorapparates der Locusten. Zs. f. 



wiss. Zool., Bd. LIV., s. 316-349; Pis. XIV-XV. 

 Andrews, E. A. 



'n Observations on the Termites of Jamaica. Jour, of Animal Behav., Vol. I., 



pp. 193-228. 

 Buttel-Reepen, 



'oo Sind die Bienen Reflex-maschinen? Experimentelle zur Biologic der 

 Honigbiene. Biol. Centrlbl., Bd. XX., s. 97-108, 130-144, 177-193, 209-224, 

 289-304. 

 Deegener, P. 



'09 Koennen die Schmetterlinge Horen? Natur, Leipzig, 1909-10, pp. 111-112. 

 Fielde and Parker. 



'04 The Reactions of Ants to Material Vibrations. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 



Philadelphia, Vol. 56. 

 Forel, A. 



'03 Ants and Some of Their Instincts. Monist, Vol. XIV., pp. 33-66, 177-194. 



