Dorsal 



Gill-covp- 



Cmidal 



Anal 





- Barbel 



Pectoral ^^ 

 Lateral Line. Ventral 



No. 1. COD. 



GuJns morrhua, Linnaeus. 



Also occasionally Gail us nara^a. Koelreuter, and Gail us saula, 

 Lepech, from Northern waters. 



Usual extreme length : 4.^ to 5 feet. Chiefly marketed at about 

 .1 fet-'t. 



Description: Body heavily built in the fore part and tapering 

 fairly abruptly to the tail ; first anal fin commencing beneath 

 the fourth or fifth ray of the second dorsal ; a lon<^ fleshy barbel 

 situated on the lower jaw. Coloration greenish-yellow or olive, 

 with numerous dark spots, shading off to impure white below; 

 lateral line white and fairly conspicuous. 



The Cod spawns from January to June; its food consists 

 of crustaceans, molluscs and voting fish. 



Range: From the North of Norway and Iceland to the Bay 

 of Biscay, and from Greenland to New York. 



Remarks: The Cod, the young of which is known as the Codling, is 

 one of the most important food-fishes of Europe and North America in 

 the fresh state, whereas in a salted or dried condition it is extensively 

 marketed in various other parts of the world. The chief fishery is car- 

 ried on by steam trawlers and long-liners off Newfoundland and Iceland, 

 in the North Sea. to the West and North of Scotland, and off the West 

 < '< iast of Norway. 



Extensive use is made of the liver for the extraction of medicinal oil. 

 but this commoditv is now in far less demand than in former years. 

 Smoked Cod's roe is esteemed by manv as a delicacy, and large quantities 

 of Codling are prepared and sold as " Smoked Haddock." 



In a fresh state the Cod almost invariably forms part of the ordinary 

 stock-in-trade of the fishmonger; it is a fish eminently suitable for 

 boiling in large pieces, for frying in cutlets and fillets, or when of small 

 size (Codling), baking entire with sf:iM>ni:ig. 



\'.</V. As it is necessary, for purposes of description, to refer to certain 

 details of the external characteristics of fishes in general, the above illu-- 

 tration has been labelled with a view to indicating the position of such 

 features in the case of the Cod. The modification, development, or lack 

 of the several fins, etc., may be traced in all the species described in this 

 volume, with the exception of the Dogfish, Skates, and Rays, in which 

 a somewhat different form of structure is present 



