THE FLOUNDER FAMILY. 37 1 



of the young Caligi they would seem to swim on edge up to 

 this size. The longest (18 mm.) has the left eye well up on the 

 ridge, but the pupil looks obliquely upwards rather than 

 laterally. The young Caligi, which in some are four or five in 

 number on each side, are chiefly fixed in front of the breast-fins, 

 on the cheeks and throat, and some of the smaller fishes (10 

 to 11 mm.) have the largest parasites. In one or two they occur 

 at the base of the tail. In such forms the pigment is nearly 

 equally developed on both sides, indeed in some more pigment 

 is found on the left (the future white side) than on the right 

 a feature observed in other species. 



On comparing the foregoing, which were at first thought to 

 pertain to the craigfluke or " witch " of the Scottish fishermen, 

 with the young of that species as now known, it is seen that 

 the body of the latter is much narrower, and the shape of the 

 head different. 



The next stage is observed in a specimen 25 mm. long 

 (Plate XV, fig. 14) procured at the surface by the Garland, 7th 

 May, 1890, the Bass, W. by N., ten miles. At this stage it is 

 distinguished from the dab by the less elliptical outline, the 

 body being thick and somewhat blunt anteriorly and less tapered 

 posteriorly. The eyes are smaller, the head more rounded, and 

 the mouth less. The right side shows, instead of its minutely 

 speckled condition in a dab of the same or even a less size, 

 traces of four distinct marginal touches dorsally, with a minute 

 fifth point. Ventrally are corresponding marginal touches, the 

 fifth being at the ventral fins, while in front of these are one 

 or two additional specks on the edge of the throat and snout. 

 On the left side traces of similar touches yet remain, but they 

 are much less distinct. The left eye is prominent on the ridge, 

 and looks obliquely upward and to the left when the fish is placed 

 on its edge. At this stage also the young crustacean parasites 

 (Caligi) are present one in the figure being attached to the 

 right side near the tail. These young lemon-dabs therefore 

 seem to swim on edge for a considerable period, for Holt has 

 since found a specimen 27 mm. long off the Skelligs on the west 

 coast of Ireland in August, which agrees in most respects with 

 the foregoing, and his description and figure are given with 



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