48 PELAGIC FAUNA. 



and Copepods). Some of the smaller of these were shorter and 

 stouter with a shorter snout and heavier head, while the 

 jaws were less lanky and the permanent rays of the fins 

 seemed to be far advanced for their length. They appeared to 

 be mere varieties of the cod, and it has since been found that 

 the young haddocks seek the offshore water along with many 

 of the whiting, while the young cod pass inshore to the 

 laminarian region. Young cod, again, of an inch and a six- 

 teenth in length and having tessellated pigment on the sides, 

 appeared in the bottom-nets towards the middle of the month, 

 and older forms were captured in the trawl along with young 

 clupeoids an inch and seven-eighths. Young sand-eels were 

 still abundant, along with young gobies from 3 to 8 mm., and 

 other forms already mentioned. 



Appendicularians were somewhat less common than in May, 

 only a few small examples now and then appearing. Rarely 

 were they numerous. At Plymouth salps sometimes abounded. 



Pelagic young mussels now appeared in considerable numbers 

 in the tow-nets, their size varying from '0055 to '014 inch. 

 It is during this month that they fix themselves on the various 

 ropes and other parts of the salmon-stake-nets. 



The pteropod, Spirialis, with other minute univalves were 

 abundant. The larval form (C yphonautes) of an encrusting 

 Polyzoan was common. 



Crustaceans everywhere abounded. In the bottom-nets 

 Copepods were especially prominent, and stragglers from their 

 dense ranks often sought the upper regions of the water. 

 They were accompanied by swarms of the viviparous Evadne. 

 The later stages (Cypris-stage) of Cirripedes of many larvas of 

 the shore- and porcelain- crabs were frequent, while the young 

 of other crustaceans also occurred. 



Numerous examples of pelagic young annelids of many 

 species were procured, all of which form a favourite food of the 

 young fishes. Tomopteris, in the adult state, with the fully 

 developed reproductive organs, was not uncommon. The 

 rare Mitraria was also occasionally found. Sagittce were few 

 and small. 



The 'painter's-easel' larvse (Plutei) of brittle and other star- 



