KEY TO FAMILIES OF PISCES. 77 



I MM. Caudal peduncle stoutish, the fm little forked. 



STROMATKIDyE, 77. 



KK. Dorsal spines (if present) all, or most of them, connected by 



membrane. 

 N. Pectoral fin with 4 to 9 lowermost rays detached and 



filiform POLYNEMIIXE, 08. 



NN. Pectoral fin entire. 



O. Dorsal and anal with detached fiulets. 



P. Anal preceded by 2 free spines CARANGHXE, 75. 



PP. Anal not preceded by 2 free spines. 



OO. Dorsal and anal- without finlets. 



Q. Lateral line armed posteriorly with keeled plates ; 

 2 free anal spines. 



CARANGID.E, 75. 

 QQ. Lateral line unarmed. 

 E. Throat with 2 long barbels (placed just behind 



chin) MULLID^E, 95. 



EE. Throat without long barbels. 

 S. Voiner with teeth. 

 T. Dorsal fin continuous, without distinct 



spines. 



U. Caudal fin deeply forked; no pseudo- 



branchue . . . CORYPH/ENID^E, 7d. 



UU. Caudal fin rounded; pseudobrauchue 



present. ICOSTEID/E, 101. 



TT. Dorsal fin with a differentiated spinous 



part. 



V. Gill membranes joined to the isthmus ; 



no lateral line. .. GOBIID^E, 104. 



W. Gill membranes free from the isthmus. 



W. Eyes lateral. 



X. Anal fin preceded by 2 free spines. 



Scales cycloid, minute. 



CARANGID^E, 75. 



Scales ctenoid, moderate. 



POAIATOMID^E, 7G. 



XX. Anal fin not preceded by free 

 spines. 



Y. Tail keeled CARANGUXE, 75. 



YY. Tail not keeled. 

 Z. Anal spines none. 



SERRANID.E. 8G. 

 ZZ. Anal spines 1 or 2. 



Scales large, deciduous ; mouth nearly vertical APOGONIIXE, 89. 



* Scales smaller, adherent ; mouth nearly horizontal. 



t Anal rays more than 20 : POMATOMID.E, 76. 



ttAual rays less than 20 -.PERCID.E, 85. 



ZZZ. Anal spines 3. 



t Pseudobranchiae small, glandular, covered by skin CENTRARCIIIDJS, 84. 



it Pseudobranchiie large, exposed. 



H Front teeth incisor-like, compressed SPARID.E, 88. 



Iff Front teeth all pointed ; no incisors. 



V> Maxillary slipping under preorbital for its whole length. 



PlUSTIPOMATIDJS, 87. 



