37. CLUPEIP^E CLUPEA. 267 



fin inserted nearer snout than base of caudal. Peritoneum pale. Head 

 4; depth 3|. D. 15; A. 21; Lat. 1. 50; ventral scutes 20+10. New- 

 foundland to Florida; rather common. Little valued as a food-fish. 



(Mitch. Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y. i, 451: Clupea mattowacca Giinther, vii, 438: 

 Alosa lineata Storer, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, ii, 242, and Hist. Fish. Mass. 162.) 



444. C. vei'liaiis Mitch. Alewife; Branch Herring; Gasper&iu. 



Blue above; sides silvery; indistinct dark stripes along the rows of 

 scales; a blackish spot behind opercle. Body rather deep and com- 

 pressed, heavy forward. Head short, nearly as deep as long, the pro- 

 file somewhat steep and slightly depressed above the nostrils. Maxil- 

 lary extending to posterior margin of pupil. Lower jaw somewhat pio- 

 jecting; upper jaw emargiuate. Eye large, slightly longer than snout, 

 3 in head. Gill-rakers long, 30-40 below the angle of the arch, shorter 

 and stouter fhaii in C. sapidissima. Lower lobe of caudal the longer. 

 Dorsal fin high, a little higher than long, its height 6 Jin length of body. 

 Head 4|; depth 3^. D. 16; A. 19; Lat. 1. 50; scutes 21 + 14. Perito- 

 neum pale. Atlantic coast of the United States; abundant; entering 

 streams to spawn; land-locked in the lakes of Western New York. 



(Mitchill, Kept. Fish. N. Y. 22. and Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y. i, 454: Clupca 

 pseudoharengus Wilson, Eees's Encycl. : Alosa tyrannus Storer, Hist. Fish. Mass. 156: 

 Pomolobiis pseudoharengus Gill, Kept. U. ri. Fish Com. 1871-72, 811: Pomolobus vernaliy 

 Goode & Bean, Bull. Essex Inst. 1879, 24.) 



445. C. eestivalis Mitchill. Glut Herring ; Blue-back. 



Very similar to the preceding, from which it is best distinguished by 

 the black peritoneum. The fins are lower and the eyes smaller. At- 

 lantic coast, appearing later than the preceding; less abundant and 

 less valuable as a food-fish. 



(Clupea ccstivalis Mitch. Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y. il, 1814, 456: Alosa cyanonoton 

 Storer, Hist. Fish. Mass. 161: Pomolobus cestivalis Goode & Bean, Bull. Essex lust. 



1879, 24.) 



tt Cheeks deeper than long, the preopercle scarcely prolonged anteriorly below; no 

 teeth, or a few, caducous, on the jaws; shad. (Alosa Cuvier.*) 



446. C. sapidassiBBia Wilson. Common Shad. 



Bluish above; sides white or silvery; a dark spot behind opercle, and 

 sometimes several along the line dividing the color of the back from 

 that of the sides ; axil dusky; peritoneum white. Body comparatively 

 deep. Mouth rather large, the jaws about equal, the lower fitting into 

 a notch in the tip of the upper. Preorbital moderate. Cheeks much 



* Cuvier, Regne Anim. ed. 2, 1829: type Clupea alosa L. (Latin alausa or alosa, an 

 early name of the shad; English allis, German alse, Latin halec.) 



