46. SALMONIDJ2 ONCOEHYNCHUS. 305 



teeth on these bones also greatly enlarged. The body becomes deep 

 and compressed ; a fleshy hump is developed before the dorsal fin, and 

 the scales of the back become imbedded in the flesh. The flesh, which 

 is red and rich in spring, becomes dry and poor. Salmon, mostly of 

 large size, ascending the rivers tributary to the North Pacific in North 

 America and Asia, spawning in the fall. Only five species are certainly 

 known, (o'^o?, hook; p^r/. "^ snout.) 

 The species may be divided as follows : 



* Gill-rakers comparatively short and few (20 to 25 in number). 



a. Scales very small, more than 200 in a longitudinal series gorbuscha. 



aa. Scales medium, about 145 (138-155) in a longitudinal series; pyloric cceca about 

 150. 



1). Anal rays 13 or 14 ; black spots small or obsolete. ; B. 13-14 Tccta* 



bb. Anal rays about 16; back and upper fins with black spots ; B. 15-19.. cliouicha. 

 aaa. Scales comparatively large, about 130 (125-135) in a longitudinal series ; pyloric 



cceca 50-80 kisutch. 



** Gill-rakers comparatively long and numerous (30-40 in number) ; scales large ; lat. 

 1. about 130 nerka. 



* Gill-rakers comparatively short and few (20-25 in number). 



a. Scales very small, more than 200 in a longitudinal series. 



499. O. gorHJUScBaa ( Walb.)- Gill & Jordan. Humpback Salmon; Haildo; Holia; 



Gorbusclia; Dog Salmon (Alaska). 



Color bluish ; sides silvery ; back posteriorly, adipose fin, and tail 

 with numerous black spots; fall males red, more or less blotched with 

 brownish. Body rather slender, in the female plump and symmetrical, 

 in the fall males very thin and compressed, with the fleshy dorsal 

 hump much developed and the jaws much elongated, strongly hooked, 

 and with extravagant canines in front.** Ventral appendage half the 

 length of the fin. B. 11-12. Gill-rakers 13 + 15. A. (developed rays) 

 15 ; D. 11 ; scales 215 (210-240), those of the lateral line larger, 170. 

 Pyloric cosca very slender, about 180. Weight 3-6 pounds. Pacific 

 coast and rivers of North America and Asia from Oregon northward; 

 not rare; occasionally taken in the Sacramento. Known at once by 

 the very small size of the scales. 



(Salmo gorbuscha Walbaum, Artedi Pise. 1792, G9: Salmo proteus Pallas, Zoogr. Ross. 

 Asiat. iii, 37G : Salmo gibber Bloch & Schneider, 409 : Oncorhynchus proteus Giinther, vi, 

 157 : Salmo proteus Suckley, Mouogr. Salmo, 97 ; Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. i, 71, 

 1878: Salmo scouleri Rich. Fauna Bor.-Amer. iii, 158. Oncorhynchus sco u leri Giinther, 

 vi, 158.) 



aa. Scales medium, about 145 (138-155) in a longitudinal series; pyloric cceca about 150. 

 1). Anal rays 13 or 14 ; black spots small or obsolete. 



500. O. liela (Walbaum) Gill & Jordan. Dog Salmon; Hay-bo; Le Kai Salmon. 

 Dusky above; sides paler, little lustrous; back and sides with no 



Bull. Nat. Ms. No. 16 20 



