312 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 



5OI. S. s:tl:ir Linna-us. Cunnuon Atlantic Salmon. 



Body moderately elongate, symmetrical, not greatly compressed. 

 Head rather lo\v. Mouth moderate, the maxillary reaching just past 

 the eye, its length '2.\-3 in head; iii young specimens the maxillary 

 i- proportionately shorter. Preopercolum with a distinct lower limb, 

 the angle rounded. Scales comparatively large, rather largest pos- 

 teriorly, silvery and well imbrk-ated in the young, becoming imbed- 

 ded in adult males. Coloration in the adult brownish above, the sides 

 more or less silvery, with numerous black spots on sides of head, 

 on body, and on fins-, and red patches along the sides in the males; 

 young specimens (parrs) with about 11 dusky cross-bars, besides black 

 spots and red patches, the color, as well as the form of the head 

 and body, varying much with age, food, and condition; the black spots 

 in the adult often X -shaped or XX -shaped. Head 4; depth 4. B. 11; 

 D. 11; A. 9; scales 23-120-21; vertebne 60; pyloric eoeca about 05. 

 Weight 1540 pounds. Xorth Atlantic, ascending all suitable rivers 

 in Northern Europe and the region north of Cape Cod; sometimes per- 

 manently land-locked in lakes, where its habits and coloration (but no 

 tangible specific characters) change somewhat, when it becomes (in 

 America) var. scbago. One of the best known and most valued of 

 food-fishes. 



(LiniiMMis, Syst. Nat. ; GiinllnT. \ i, 11, and of nearly all authors: SitJmoglorcri fJiranl, 

 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854,85: Stilnw svlntijo (.J Irani, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 

 1853, 380; Sucklcy, Monogr. Saliuo, 143: Sulmo st-bayo and yloctri (iiinther, vi, 1515.) 



**River salmon, not anadromons, with tin- vomerine teeth largely developed, thostv 

 on the shai'r of the bone numerous, persist rut, in one y.ig/ag row or 

 two alternating rows; sexual dillerenees not strongly niarUed, tho 

 males with the premaxillarics somewhat enlarged; llcsh often palo. 

 (Fario Valenciennes*). 



a. Ilyoid Imne entirely toothless (tongue witli teeth as nau.il). 

 b. Si'ales lar^e, in lv!U-ir>() .series. 

 C. Caudal I'm 1'orked. 



/>O->. S. hideiis (iilihons. ('ulifiirnni Ilroolc Trout; Kainloic Trout. 



I'.ody eotnparati\cl\ short and dee]), compressed, varying consider- 

 ably, and much more elongate in the males than in the females. Head 

 short, convex, obtusely ridged above. Mouth smaller than in any 

 other species of the genus, the rather broad maxillary scarcely reach- 

 ing beyond the eye except in old males. Eye larger than in our other 

 >pecie>, ."> In head. Yomerine teeth in two irregular series. Dorsal tin 



Valenei. -lines. lliM. N.-it. PuN-;. \\i, _,'?: type I'nrin (irt/inli'iix Val. (Fario, a 

 Latin name of tin- " Salmon Trout "; included species \\itli a single row of perma- 

 nent teeth on the vomer; Sular, Val. 1. c. 1514, included thoae with two rows, a dis- 

 tinction of no importance.) 



