46. SALMONID^E SALMO. 313 



moderate ; caudal fiu distinctly though not strongly forked, more deeply 

 incised than in any other of our species of Fario. Scales compraatively 

 large. Coloration bluish above, the sides silvery; everywhere above 

 profusely but irregularly spotted, the spots extending on the sides and 

 on the vertical fins ; spots on caudal small 5 belly nearly plain; sea-run 

 specimens nearly plain silvery; males with red lateral baud and blotches. 

 Head 4; depth 3|. D. 11 ; A. 10; scales 21-135-20, varying considerably, 

 the highest number noted being on the type of "Fario newlerrii", 33-146- 

 33. L. 24 inches. Weight J to 6 pounds. Streams west of the Sierra 

 Nevada, from near the Mexican line (Rio San Luis Bey) to Oregon; very 

 abundant, and subject to many variations in size, form, and color. 



(Gibbons, Proc. Cal. Acacl. Nat. Sci. 1855, 36; Giinther, vi, 119; Suckley, Monogr. 

 Saliuo, 129; Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas. i,75: Fario gairdneri Girard, U. S. Pac. 

 R. R. Surv. Fish, x, 313 (not Salmo gairdneri Rich.): Fario newberrii Girard, Proc. 

 Acacl. Nat. Sci. Pkila. 1858, 224 : Fario clarkii, Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 

 219 (not S. clarkii Ricb..): Salmo masoni Suckley, Monogr. Salino, 134.) 



cc. Caudal fin truncate (iu. the adult). 



5O6. S. gaird.nei'i Rich. Steel-head; Hard-head; Salmon Trout. 



Body rather stout, not very deep mesially, but with the caudal pe- 

 duncle thick. Head comparatively short and rather slender, in the 

 females small, in the males the jaws more or less prolonged ; maxillary 

 rather narrow, the small eye nearly above its middle; lower jaw in- 

 cluded ; upper jaw in males emarginate at tip and at junction of premax- 

 illary. Teeth rather small, those on the voiner in two long, alternating 

 series, which are about as long as the palatine series. Preopercle 

 rather wide, with the lower limb short; opercle moderate. Gill-rakers 

 short and thick, 8 + 12 (essentially as in our other species of Fario). 

 Ventral appendage not half the length of the fiu. Tail wide, squarely 

 truncate in the adult, somewhat emarginate in the young. Flesh rather 

 pale. Bones much firmer than in the OncorhyncM. Color blue above; 

 sides silvery; head, back, upper fins, and tail more or less densely cov- 

 ered with black spots; belly usually unspotted ; males with colors height- 

 ened, the back greenish; a broad flesh-colored lateral band, deep red 

 on the opercles; fins not red; no red on the membrane of lower jaw; 

 B. 12-11; D. 11; A. 12; scales 20-135-20; pyloric coeca 42; vertebra 

 38 + 20. L. 30 inches. Sacramento Eiver and northward. A large 

 trout, abounding in the mouths of the rivers, reaching a weight of 20 

 pounds. It spawns later than the salmon, and is found in the rivers, 

 spent, at the time of the spring salmon run. It is then nearly useless 

 as food, but at other times similar in quality to other trout. 



(? Salmo mi/kiss Walbaum, Artedi, Pise. 1792, 59, apparently confused with S. purpur- 

 atus: ? Salmo muikixi Bloch & Schneider, 419: Salmo purpuratus Giinther, vi, 116: Salmo 



