804 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 



cc. Lateral line pale; mouth rather large, the maxillary reaching past front of eye. 

 d. Vertebrae normal. (Gadus.) 



1239. G. callarias L. Common Cod-fisJi. 



Greenish or browiiisli, subject to many variations, sometimes yellow- 

 ish or reddish; back and sides with numerous rounded brownish spots; 

 lateral line pale; fins dark. Head large, but varying much in size; 

 maxillary about reaching middle of orbit; occipital keel not greatly 

 developed; teeth strong, cardiform, in narrow bands, those of the outer 

 row in the upper jaw, and of the inner row in the lower jaw, somewhat 

 enlarged. Eye moderate, about half length of snout. First dorsal 

 little elevated, its height about half length of head; vent under front 

 of second dorsal; caudal slightly emarginate; pectorals half length of 

 head. Head 3 to 4; depth about 4. D. 14-21-19; A. 20-18. North- 

 ern Seas, south to Virginia, Oregon, and Japan, one of the most impor- 

 tant of all food-fishes. The fish of the Pacific Ocean (var. macroceplialax) 

 is said to have the air-bladder ("sounds") smaller; it is wholly similar 

 externally. The Greenland form (var. ogac} is very dark, with slender 

 caudal peduncle, longer barbel, larger eye, broader interorbital space, 

 longer pectorals, and more advanced ventrals. Great variations occur 

 in size of head and in color among individuals from different regions. 



(Gadus caUarias et morrlina Linn. Syst. Nat.; Giinther, iv, 328: Motrlnia amcricana 

 Storer, Hist. Fish. Mass. 34:5: Gadim macrocephalua Tiles. Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Pctersb. 

 ii, 300, 1H10: Gadua macnurplmliifi (iiinthcr, iv, 330: Gadus oyak Richardson, F. 13. A. 

 Fish. 246: G adits ogac Bean, Bull. U. IS. Nat. Mas. xv, 110: Gadus auratusCope, Proc. 

 Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 1873.) 



dd. Vertebra? peculiarly modified, somewhat as in Merlucius. (Ti'Zesia* Svrainson.) 



121O. G. t?racilis Tiles. 



Dusky bluish above, yellowish white below, without spots. Form of 

 a haddock, the body subterete, compressed, the belly prominent. Head 

 oblong, the snout rounded and depressed; upper jaw longer and broader 

 than lower; barbel moderate; outer teeth setaceous; eye large. Scales 

 very small, little imbricated. First dorsal subtriangular: second dor- 

 sal lower: third obtusely triangular j pectorals large; ventrals with the 

 .second ray produced; caudal e(|ual. Head I, 1 ..; depth 4J. D. 14-17-10; 

 A. 21-L'O; P. 1!; V. li; 15. 6. (Palhitt.) Alaska to .Japan. An insuffi- 

 ciently-described species, which, acc"nling to Dr. Dean, who has lately 

 obtained it in Bering's Sea, is very distinct from the other members of 

 the genus. It differs from <;<l/ts <-nllriax in the structure of its ver- 



*S\vaiiis<m, Nat. Hist. Fioh.etO.1839/3UO: type Gadus yracilis Tiles. (Dedicated 

 to William Theophilus Tilosius.) 



