46. SALMONID^E SALMO. 309 



pyloric cceca 75-95. Vertebrre 64. L. 24 iucbes. Weight 4 to 8 pounds. 

 Columbia Biver to Kamtschatka; generally abundant, especially north- 

 ward; ascending streams in spring to great distances, and often fre- 

 quenting mountain lakes in fall, spawning in their small tributaries; one 

 of the most graceful of the Salmonidce, scarcely inferior to the Quinnat 

 when fresh, but the flesh more watery and less valuable when canned. 



(Salmo ncrlM Walbaum, Artedi, Pise. 1792, 71: Salmo nerka Blocli & Schneider, 1801, 

 417: Salmo lycaodon Pallas, Zoogr. Eoss. A&iat. iii, 370: Salmo japonensis Pallas, 1. c. : 

 ? Salmo dermatinus and consuetus Richardson, Voyage Herald, Zool. 1G7, 168 (probably 

 O.keta): Salmo ijaueidenslliclinxdson, Fauna Bor.-Amer. iii, 222: Oncorhynchus lycaodon 

 pt. and O. paiicidens Giinther, vii, 155, 158: Salmo cooperi, paiicidens, warreni, and 

 richardi, Suckley, Monogr. Salnio, 92, et seq.; Jordan, Man. Vert. 357; Jordan, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus. i, 71, 1878: Salmo Jcennerlyi Suckley, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. vii, 

 307, 1861, and Monogr. Salnio, 145 (young male or grilse, in breeding season) : Salmo 

 Jcennerlyi Giinther, vi, 120 : Hypslfario kennerlyi Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 18G2, 

 33,0: Oncorhyncltus 'kennerlyi Jordan, Man. Vert. 357, and in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. i, 

 72, 1878: ? Salmo tapdisma, arabatsch, and melamplerus Cuv. & Val. xxi, 314-6.) 



15O. SA1LMO Linnaeus. 



Salmons. 



(Artedi; Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. : type Salmo solar L.) 



Body elongate, somewhat compressed. Mouth large; jaws, palatines, 

 and tongue toothed, as in related genera ; voiner flat, its shaft not de- 

 pressed, a few teeth on the chevron of the vonier, behind which is a 

 somewhat irregular single or double series of teeth, which are some- 

 times deciduous with age. Scales large or small, 110-200 in a longitu- 

 dinal series. Dorsal and anal fins short, of about 11 rays each; caudal 

 fin truncate, emarginate, or forked, its peduncle comparatively stout. 

 Sexual peculiarities variously developed ; the males in typical species 

 with the jaws prolonged and the front teeth enlarged, the lower jaw 

 being hooked upwards at the end and the upper jaw emargiuate or per- 

 forate. In some species these peculiarities are little marked. Species 

 of moderate or large size, black-spotted, abounding in the rivers and 

 lakes of Northern America, Asia, and Europe; one or two Atlantic 

 species marine and auadromous. The non-migratory species (subgenus 

 Fario) are in both continents extremely numerous, closely related, and 

 difficult to distinguish. The excessive variations in color and form have 

 given rise to a host of nominal species. European writers have de- 

 scribed numerous hybrids among the various species of Salmo, real and 

 nominal, found in their waters; as also among the various European 

 Cyprinidce. We have thus far failed to find the slightest evidence of 

 any hybridism either among our American Salmonidce or Gyprinidce, 

 in a state of nature. Puzzling aberrant or intermediate specimens 



