398 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 



LL. Spinons dorsal -well develop < d. depressible in a groove 

 Scales minute or wanting ; premaxillaries uon-pro-. 



tractile SCOMHUI I >.!:. 7-1. 



Scales of moderate si/e; premaxillaries protrae- 



tile NOMKID.E, 70 (&) 



LLL. Spinous dorsal little developed, or not distinguishable 



from the soft parts; no tinlets. 



M. (Esophagus without tooth-like process. CoKYi-ii.KXin.K, 79. 

 MM. (Esophagus with tooth-like process. -. STROMATEIDJE, 77. 

 KK. Vertebrae 25 (24-2(5); two free anal spines (sometimes obso- 

 lete). 

 N. Scales minute or obsolete, cycloid; tail widely forked. 



CARAXGIDJE, 7f>. 

 NN. Scales small, weakly ctenoid; tail little forked. 



POMATOMID.T:, 70. 

 II. Scales well developed, mostly ctenoid;* caudal peduncle not 



especially slender. 



O. Pectoral with the lower rays detached and filiform; 



two short, separated dorsal tins; 

 head with muciferous system well 

 developed. 



POLYNEMID.E, 68. 

 OO. Pectoral fin entire. 

 P. Throat with two barbels ; dorsals two; scales large. 



MULLID^E, 90. 

 PP. Throat without barbels. 



Q. Skull cavernous; anal spines 1 or 2; lateral line 

 extending on the caudal tin; head 

 scaly; no teeth on vomcr. 



SciJiXIlVE, 91. 



QQ. Skull not especially cavernous. 

 R. Anal fin comparatively short, with loss than i:it 

 soft rays; vomer mostly with 

 teeth. (1'crciform fishes, i 



S. Scales caducous ; dorsal fins two, the first short; 

 mouth very oblique. 



AlMiCDVII'.K, 89. 

 SS. Scales adherent. 



T. Anal spines 1 or 2; dorsal fins 2; pscudo- 

 hranelii:e small or oli.xilete. 



I'ria-ii' r. -.">. 



TT. Anal spines lit or more (rarely olisolete). 

 U. Pseudobranchue small, covered by the 



skin, or obsolete. 

 V. Vomeriiie teeth ; lateral line ^resent. 



KI.ASSIIMA in>.i:, ~:5 (1>). 



VV. Vomerine teeth none; lateral line obso- 

 lete Cr.NTKAKrmn.K, *4. 



UU. Pseudobranehia- well developed. 



\V. Maxillary not slipping under preor- 

 bital for its \\hole leugtli. 



'Small or wanting in some l'rn>iin<i-i>iiiilii', Trii-lmilnnliilti-, and li'nuli nhr. 



t Except in some Sj><n-i<l>i , J'riiicnnlliiiln\ < '/'i/lniriliiiln. etc. 



: ol^olete in Home .S fi'mt'id,: ; more than three in some CcntrarcJiida;. 



