85. PERCIDJE COTTOGASTER. 497 



in jaws strong ; no teeth on vomer or palatines. Gill-membranes broadly 

 connected. Scales moderate, rough. Lateral line complete; no enlarged 

 ventral plates. Dorsal fins large, the spiuous dorsal longer and lower 

 than the second, of about 13 spines ; anal smaller than second dorsal 

 with 2 strong spines. Vertebrae (D. llennioides] 19 +22. Coloration 

 largely green. (<Sc?, two ; -Xiatov, near ; dorsal fin nearly divided in two.) 



776. I>. Mennioides (Raf.) Jor. Green-sided Darter. 



Body stout, elongate, little compressed ; profile very convex. Eyes 

 large, high up and close together; a longitudinal furrow between the 

 eyes. Mouth small, horizontal, quite inferior; upper jaw concealed in a 

 furrow under the snout. Scales moderate ; those on the belly large, not 

 caducous ; cheeks with fine scales ; opercles with large ones ; neck scaly ; 

 chest naked. Anal papilla very large. Anal spines strong ; caudal fin 

 einarginate ; lower rays of the pectorals, and the rays of the ventralsand 

 anal enlarged and fleshy in the males. Color olive green, tessellated 

 above; sides with about eight double transverse bars, each pair form- 

 ing a Y-shaped figure ; these are sometimes joined above, forming a sort 

 of wavy lateral band ; in life these markings are of a clear deep green ; 

 sides sprinkled with orange dots-; head with olive stripes and the usual 

 dark bars; first dorsal dark orange brown at base, blue above, becoming 

 pale at tip; second dorsal and anal of a rich blue green, with some red- 

 dish; caudal greenish, faintly barred; young and female specimens are 

 more or less dull, but the pattern is peculiar. Head 4^; depth 4|. D. 

 XIII-13; A. II, 8; Lat. 1. 65 to 78. L. 3-5 inches. Pennsylvania to 

 Kansas, south to Alabama; one of the handsomest and most abundant of 

 the Darters. 



(Etlieostoma llemrioides Raf. Journ. de Physique, 1819, 419 : Pileoma cymatogramma 

 Abbott, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 327: Hyostoma cymatoyrammum Vaillant, 

 1. c. 102; Jordan, Man. Vert. 222: Hyostoma blcnnioperca Cope (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila. 1868, 214) is a form larger than usual and with rather smaller scales : Hyostoma 

 newmani Agassiz (Am. Journ. Sci. Arts, 1854, 305) is slenderer, with rather larger 

 scales on the body and on the cheeks. Both grade into the common form. ) 



258. COTTOGASTER Putnam. 

 (Bheocrypta Jordan.) 



(Putnam, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 1863, 5: type Boleosoma tessellatum Thompson, not 

 of DeKay.) 



Body rather robust, little compressed. Head moderate, bluntish. 

 Mouth small, the lower jaw included; premaxillaries protractile; maxil- 

 lary not adherent to the preorbital. Teeth on vomer. Gill-membranes 

 nearly separate. Scales ctenoid ; those of the middle line of the belly 

 Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 16 32 



