94. LABRID.E TAUTOGA. 599 



315, CTETVOL.ABRUS Cuvier & Valenciennes. 



Gunners. 



(Cuv. et Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xiii, 223, 1839: type Labrus rupestris L. of Europe.) 



Body oblong, not elevated, comparatively slender and compressed. 

 Head moderate, more or less pointed. Teeth in the jaws in several 

 series, the outermost very strong; the teeth unequal, conical, and 

 pointed; no posterior canines. Cheeks with small scales; opercles 

 with large ones. Preopercle with the vertical limb finely serrated. 

 Branchiostegals o. Gill-membranes considerably united, free from the 

 isthmus; gill-rakers short. Scales moderate, 35-50 in the lateral line; 

 lateral line continuous, abruptly bent opposite posterior part of second 

 dorsal. Dorsal long and low, the spinous portion much longer than the 

 soft, of 16-18 low, subequal, rather strong spines; soft dorsal slightly 

 elevated ; anal fin similar to soft dorsal, with three strong graduated 

 spines ; caudal truncate ; pectorals short, the ventrals inserted behind 

 their axils. (-'-?<', -'.rs^o-, a comb; Labrus, a related genus, from the 

 Latin labrum, lip.) 



a. Interopercle naked. (Tautoyolabrug Giinther.*) 

 941. C. adspca'SGis (Walb.) Goode. Gunner; Choyset; Blue Perch. 



Brownish blue, with more or less of a brassy lustre; colors variable; 

 young variegated and with a black blotch on the dorsal fin. Eye mode- 

 rate, broader than preorbital, 4i in head. Head 3J in length; depth 3. 

 D. XVIII, 10; A. Ill, 9; Lat. 1. 45. L. 12 inches. Newfoundland to 

 Cape Hatteras; common northward, about rocks. 



(Labrus adspersus Walbaum, Artedi, Pise. 1792, 254: Ctenolalrns burgall Giinther, iv, 

 90: Ctenolabrus cwruleus Storer, Hist. Fish Mass. 234.) 



316. TAUTOGA Mitcliill. 

 Tautogs. 



(Mitchill, Report Fish New York, 1814, 23: type Labrus tautoga Mitchill = Tautoga 

 nig} a Mitchill = Labrus onitis L.) 



Body oblong, not elevated nor greatly compressed. Head large, 

 nearly as deep as long, with a convex profile. Mouth rather small. 

 Teeth very strong, conical, in two series; the outer somewhat incisor- 

 like; the two anterior teeth in each jaw strong; the posterior teeth 

 small, without canines. Eye small, high up. Cheeks with small scales. 



*Giiiither, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. iv, 90: type Labrus burgall Bloch and Schneider: 

 [Tautoga; 



