107. COTTID^ COTTUS. 701 



bones, orbital rim, and shoulder girdle usually armed; gill- membranes 

 forming a fold across the rather narrow isthmus; slit behind last gill 

 small or wanting, often reduced to a mere pore; vertebra) about 28. 

 Brauchiostegals mostly 6. Dorsal fins 2, separate, the first short, its 

 spines rather slender; ventral rays usually I, 3. Species numerous in 

 the seas of northern regions. (XO-TO?, the ancient name of Uranidca 

 iOj from XMTTW?, head.) 



. Head with small tentacles; lateral line with distinct plates. 



1O71. C. foUDlBaMs Euphraseu. Father-lasher. 



Colors variegated, the dark markings sometimes red. Head broad, 

 depressed, covered with soft skin, in which are many mucous pores; 

 maxillary reaching past middle of orbit; upper preopercular spine 

 straight, slightly longer than eye; opercular spine granulated at base; 

 small cirri above eye and elsewhere on head ; usually one on end of 

 maxillary; cranial bones mostly covered by skin; lateral line with 

 some bony plates, which are most distinct anteriorly; these are very 

 much smaller than in Enoplirys Mson; interocular space very narrow, 

 its ridges continuing backward, serrated, each ending in a sharp spine; 

 no trace of slit behind last gill ; spinous dorsal low; anal small; pecto- 

 rals reaching front of anal; veutrals moderate. Head 2-|; depth 03. 

 D. VI1I-12; A. 9; Vertebrae 12 -f 17. Arctic Europe; said to stray to 

 Greenland. 



(Enphraseu, Nya Schwed. Abhaudl. 1786, 64; Giiuther, ii, 164; Day, Fish. Gt. Brit, 

 Ireland, 1880, 51.) 



aa. Head without tentacles; lateral line unarmed or with concealed plates. 



1?2. C. octodecimspinosiis Mitch. 



Olivaceous, with transverse dark bars, paler below; fins barred and 

 mottled; ventrals plain. Body very slender, tapering backward to 

 the long and slender caudal peduncle. Head long and narrow; mouth 

 moderate; maxillary not extending past eye, 2 in head. Upper pre- 

 opercular spine extremely long, longer than eye, extending beyond tip 

 of opercular spine, its length more than 4 times that of the spine below 

 it; a strong spine at upper posterior margin of orbit directed upward 

 and backward; occipital ridges long, low, converging behind, each 

 ending in a similar spine. Vertex nearly flat. Eye very large, as long- 

 as snout, 4 in -head, much wider than iuterorbital space; nasal spines 

 sharp. Skin usually without rough tubercles; lateral line with a series 

 of partly concealed plates. Spinous dorsal higher than soft dorsal; 

 the spines strong, the longest nearly half head; pectorals reaching 



