590 THE SENSES A\D SXXSOKY ORGANS. 



without indicating that they are the terminal organs of the 

 antennal nerve; and he, on other occasions [269] , described 

 what he regarded as auditory end organs in the antenna; of 

 insects. 



Anatomy can only guide us in seeking the function of a part 

 when the structures are similar to those of the human body. 

 As the so-called olfactory setae of Invertebrates are entirely 

 unlike the olfactory rods of Man and Vertebrates generally, 

 the structure of these end organs cannot guide us to their 

 function. I only know one anatomical fact which in itself is 

 a guide to the function of the antenna : the structure of the 

 antennal ganglion, which is similar to that of the olfactory 

 bulb of the Vertebrate ; but this was unknown until it was 

 discovered by Dietl [175] in 1876. The credit of having first 

 established the olfactory function of the antennas must be 

 accorded to Ferris [265], as he was the first who made a 

 systematic investigation of their function in living insects 

 by carefully devised experiments. 



Lespcs [266] ignored the researches of Ferris, and returned 

 to the view of Oken. Claparede [267], in 1858, published a 

 paper in controversion of Lespes' views ; and Graber [270], in 

 1879, believed that he had discovered otolith-like organs in the 

 antennae of flies, and returned to Oken's view. F. Meyer in 

 the same year published a short paper in the ' Zoologische 

 Anzeiger,' in which he correctly stated that Graber's supposed 

 otolith-like bodies have no real existence. 



The views of Ferris have been completely confirmed by the 

 repetition of various experiments, and may be said to have 

 been accepted, although, owing to the apparent multiplicity of 

 the forms which the nerve terminals exhibit, there are still 

 many who think that the antennae may have an auditory as 

 \\t 11 as an olfactory function in some insects. 



Kriipelin [273] lias given so complete a history and criticism 

 of the works of previous writers, that I shall content myself 

 with the above short account of the history and bibliography 

 of a controversy, of which the last-named author says : 



' An extensive literature has grown in the course of years, 



