OF EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA. 347 



and many species of Aster, Solidago, Calamagros- 

 tis, and others. -Among- insects may be mentioned 



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Formica sanguined, F. siibterranca, Casnonia penn- 

 sylvanica, Harpalns pensylvanicus, PL compar, Cra- 

 tonychus cinereus, Scarites subterraneus, Dic&his 

 dilatatns, Pangns caliginosus, Stomoxys calcitrans, 

 and the larvae of Eujitchia ribearia, Clisiocampa 

 Americana, Chcerodes transversata, Ennomos sub- 

 signaria, Hybcrnia til'iaria, Anisopteryx vernata, 

 Utetheisa bella, Lithosia miniata, Argynnis apJiro- 

 ditc, Pieris rape?, Colias pJiilodice, and mature forms 

 of Spilosoma Virginica, Harrisina Americana, Spilo- 

 soma atr<za, and many of the smaller Noctuidte 

 and Tineida. 



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Mating usually begins about the i5th of May, 

 and by the 2oth of the month the birds are ready 

 to commence the building of a nest. The place 



O A 



selected is within the borders of a thicket where 

 there is a dense growth of underbrush. The nest 



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is placed within a depression, and made to project 

 slightly above the margin of the cavity. The great 

 abundance of loose leaves which usually cover 

 the ground in such situations, helps to conceal the 

 nest from view. So perfectly hidden is it, that, 

 the most strenuous efforts are often made to dis- 

 cover its whereabouts, but without avail. Both 

 birds enter diligently into the work, and in about 

 two days of hard labor have built a suitable struc- 

 ture. The eggs to the number of four usually, 

 are deposited at the rate of one per day. Ovipo- 

 sition is beoam on the dav succeeding the comple- 



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