OF EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA. 177 



siocampa Americana; besides mature forms of 

 Musca domestica, Tabanuslineola, SyrpJnis obscurus , 

 S. obliquus, Formica sanguined, aphides, and small 

 spiders in abundance, are largely devoured. Late 

 in the season, both young and old subsist in part 

 upon the berries of Juniperns Virginiana, and the 

 seeds of grasses. The younef leave the nest in 



c> J <I> 



about \ 2 days after being hatched, and in a week 

 more are fitted to care for themselves. The species 

 is single-brooded. Both young and old retire to 

 their winter homes late in September, spending the 

 interval of time between brood-raising and retire- 

 ment, in cultivated fields. 



The eggs are usually four in number, grayish- 

 white, and blotched and dotted with purple and 

 brown. They average .6 % ; of an inch in length 

 and .50 in breadth; they resemble slightly those 

 of D. ccstiva. 



Family Tanagridae. Tanagers. 



This extensive and beautiful family is restricted 

 to America. The species are chiefly tropical. Its 

 precise position is undetermined. The single well- 

 established North American genus Pyranga, em- 

 braces birds of brilliant colors with marked seasonal 

 and sexual variations in plumage. In distribution 

 it is rather southerly, never passing beyond the 

 limits of the United States. 



Pyranga rubni, Vieill. 

 The Scarlet Tanager may be considered as one 



