THE FACE 365 



backward. The rest of the inner surface consists of two parts : a 

 triangular roughened anterior and lower part, behind the anterior 

 border, articulating with the maxillary bone ; and a narrow non- 

 articular zygomatic strip, under the orbital surface, and continued 

 on the zygomatic process, under the articular surface for the tem- 

 poral. 



Nomenclature. Malar comes from the Latin mala, the cheek- 

 bone, or cheek. The synonyms os zygomaticum and os jug ale are 

 derived from the Greek and Latin words zygoma and jugum, meaning 

 a yoke. The French use I'os malaire and I'os zygomatique, 'and the 

 Germans das Jochbcin and das Wangenbein. 



Determination. If the malar be held with the postorbital 

 process uppermost and the inner surface toward the student, the 

 slender zygomatic process w r ill be on the side to which the bone 

 belongs. 



Articulation. The malar articulates with the lachrymal, the 

 maxillary, the temporal, and sometimes with the frontal. 



Muscular Attachments. The malar gives attachment to the 

 temporal, masseter, and zygomatic muscles. 



Ossification. The malar is developed from a single centre of 

 ossification. 



VARIATIONS IN THE MALAR BONES. 

 VARIATIONS IN SIZE. 



The following are the measurements taken on twenty-five left 

 malar bones : 



The length is the shortest distance from the tip of the maxillary 

 process to the end of the zygomatic process. 



The orbital length is the shortest distance from the tip of the 

 maxillary process to the tip of the postorbital process. 



The height of the postorbital process is the length of its posterior 

 border. 



The maximum height of the bone is the distance from the tip of 

 the postorbital process along its posterior border across the root of the 

 zygomatic surface to the lower margin of the bone. 



The orbital height is the diameter of the body of the bone at its 



O */ 



narrowest part and transverse to the masseteric ridge. 



