18 



MAMMALIAN ANATOMY 



FIG. 6. 



number by enumerating parts of bones as distinct elements. We have 

 seen that the skeleton of the cat comprises three hundred bones, or 



two hundred and ninety-eight if the 

 sacrum be counted as one piece : hence 

 the cat's skeleton is formed of eighty- 



^j / 



four bones more than the human skele- 

 ton. This difference is due to the fact 

 that the human skeleton has ten bones 

 not present in the cat, while the cat has 

 ninety-four bones not normally present 

 in man. 



The additional ten human bones 

 are : a scaphoid (distinct from the lu- 

 nar) in each carpus and two phalanges 

 and two sesamoids in each great toe. 



Some of the ninety-four bones pres- 

 ent in the cat's skeleton, but absent in 

 the human skeleton, are true additional 

 bones ; others result from the less exten- 

 sive coalescence of parts of bones. 



The human head has fourteen bones 

 less than the cat's head ; the frontals 

 unite to form one bone, the interparietal 

 is absent, the premaxillaries coalesce 

 with the maxillaries, and the eleven 

 elements of the hyoid apparatus are 

 represented by one hyoid bone. 



The human trunk has forty bones 

 less than the trunk of the cat, because 

 there are but twenty-six vertebral elements in place of forty-nine, 

 twenty-four ribs in place of twenty-six, the eight chevron bones are 

 wanting, and the eight sternebra? are represented by a single bone, 

 the sternum. 



The human appendicular skeleton lacks forty sesamoid bones 

 present in the limbs of the cat, namely, nine in each hand, three 

 behind each knee-joint, and eight in each foot. 



THE HUMAN SKELETON. 



