THE FACE 349 



it rises to the posterior part of the process. The inner lip is less 

 curved, and is directed upward to form the front of the elevated 

 posterior angle. 



The external surface is continuous with the external surface of the 

 body of the bone, and is smooth and convex in front, where it faces 

 downward, inward, and forward. It is flattened behind, and produced 

 upward into a curved posterior angle largely overlapped by the malar. 



The internal surface (Fig. 272) is smooth and concave ; it forms 

 the bottom of the bony outer wall of the orbit. The malar process is 

 connected with the base of the nasal process by a bar of bone which 

 forms the roof of the infraorbital foramen. 



The posterior margin is deeply concave, and is connected with the 

 zygomatic surface. 



Nomenclature. The term maxillary comes from the Latin 

 maxilla, the jaw-bone. Pliny uses maxilla superior, and we often find 

 superior maxillary employed, as opposed to inferior maxillary, the 

 lower jaw. Os maxilla-re is also employed. The Germans use das 

 Oberkieferbein. The French have two words, le maxillaire superieur 

 and le grand sus-maxillaire. 



Determination. If the bone be held with its external surface 

 toward the student, and the alveolar border below, the nasal process 

 will be on the side to which the bone belongs. 



Articulation. The maxillary articulates with the premaxillary, 

 the nasal, the frontal, the lachrymal, the malar, the palatine, the 

 ethmoid, the maxillo-turbinal, the vomer, and the opposite maxillary. 



Muscular Attachments. To the maxillary are attached the 

 external pterygoid, to the posterior border of the orbital surface ; 

 the inferior oblique of the eyeball, to the orbital surface near the 

 posterior part of the lachrymal bone ; the masseter, to the outer sur- 

 face of the malar process ; the zygomatic, to the external surface of 

 the body under the malar process; the levator anguli oris, below the 

 infraorbital foramen ; the levator labii superioris, to a ridge on the 

 outer surface of the nasal process near the lachrymal tubercle, in 

 common with the tendon of the orbicularis palpebrarum ; and the 

 levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, to the upper end of the nasal 

 process, in common with fibres of insertion of the occipito-frontalis. 



Ossification. The maxillary develops from a single centre of 

 ossification. 



