THE ENTIRE SKULL 



513 



FIG. 411. 



LOWER ASPECT. 



The human skull should now be inverted and the lower jaw 

 removed to expose the base (Fig. 411) ; the skull of the cat should 

 be placed in the same position beside it 

 for comparison. It will be noticed that 

 the o-eneral outline of man's skull is 



O 



almost circular, and that the centre 

 of the circle falls at the basion, on 

 the anterior margin of the foramen 

 magnum. 



The outline of the cat's skull is 

 oblong, and the centre of the long di- 

 ameter is in the middle pterygoid fossa, 

 just behind the sutures between the 

 pterygoids and the palatines. 



In man, the zygomatic arches are 

 relatively small and anterior. 



In the cat, the arches are relatively 

 large and near the middle of the lateral 

 outline. 



In man, the alveolar border and EXTERNAL VIEW OF THE BASE OF 



THE SKULL. RIGHT SIDE. 



hard palate are on a higher level (in i, pa iatinepiate of the maxmary; 2, palatine 



, , . . . ,, .-, i TIN j/i j.1 plate of the palatine bone; 3, vomer: 4, 5, 



tlllS pOSltlOn Ol the Skull) than the inte rnal and external pterygoid plates; 6, 



P i i I'll c xl pyramidal process of the palatine bone; 5, 6, 



rest Of the base, WlllCh Slopes trom the occupy the pterygoid fossa; 7, under part of 



. , ill J the great wing of the sphenoid bone, forming 



mastOld processes Sharply downward par t of the zygomatic fossa ; 8, temporal sur- 



, , face of the great wing of the sphenoid bone ; 



and 



g t zygoma; 10, zygomatic process of the malar 

 T , j_i i i 1_ J 1 bone; 11, zygomatic process of the temporal 



111 the Cat, the alveolar border and bone; 12, squamous portion of the temporal 

 , -, -11 1'j.j.i 1 bone; 13, articular eminence; 14, glenoid 



hard palate are raised but little above fossa . 15> tymp amc piate; le.styioid process; 



-. i i i i p 17, auditory meatns; 18, mastoid process; 19, 



the rest Ol the base, WlllCh, aside trom digastric fossa; 20, conjunction of the basilar 



, . -, -, -i., process and body of the sphenoid bone; 21, 



the irregularity due tO the auditory occipital condyle; 22, occipital protuberance, 



and crest leading from it downward ; 23, 24, 

 superior and inferior semicircular lines; 25, 

 occipital foramen ; 26, anterior palatine fossa; 

 27, posterior palatine foramen ; 28, spheno- 

 P i . 1 maxillary fissure; 29, posterior naris; 30, 



belOW, the lOreliead, Orbital rimS, and fora men ovale; SI. foramen spinosum; 32, 



11 ,1 lacerated foramen; 33, Enstachian tube; 34, 



nasal bones are Visible at the anterior entrance of the carotid canal; 35, jugular fora- 



i . ... men ; 30, stylo-mastoid foramen ; 37, pit with 



eild, and, OWing tO the anterior pOSltlOn a post erior condyloid foramen; 38, mastoid 



of the foramen magnum, the greater 



part of the supraoccipital is visible at the posterior end. 



The greater growth of the human brain, and especially of the 



33 



bullre, is measurably flat. 



When man's skull is viewed from 



