596 MAMMALIAN ANATOMY 



To the seven carpal bones and the radial sesamoid, which normally 

 constitute the wrist, at least one more separate ossicle is sometimes 

 added as an anomaly. This bone has been seen in certain speci- 

 mens lying between the scapho-lunar and the magnum, and has been 

 recognized as the os centrale 2 which obtains normally in some other 

 animals. 



Nomenclature. Three sets of names are employed for the carpal 

 bones. The first is that given above, and used generally by English and 

 American anatomists, the second is used by European anatomists, and 

 the third by comparative anatomists. They may be shown as follows : 



1 2 3 



Scaphoid. Os scaphoideum. Os radiale. 



" : ~Os intermedium. 



Semilunar. Os lunare. \ Os centrale 1. 



. Os centrale 2. 



Cuneiform. Os cuneiformeT v- < Os ulnare. 



Pisiform. Os pisiforme. 



Trapezium. Os multangulum-majris. Os carpale I. 



Trapezoid. Os multangulutn minor. Os carpale II. 



Magnum. Os capitatum. Os carpale III. 



i 



Unciform. Os hamatum. Os carpale IV. + V. 



v 

 Carpus comes from the Greek carpos, which was introduced into 



osteology by Galen. Carpos may be derived from carpho, to shrink 

 together (hence applicable to the narrowest part of the arm), or from 

 harpo, to grasp. Galen did not give separate names to the carpal 

 bones, but merely distinguished them by number. Lyser (A.D. 1665) 

 gave them the names by which they are known in human anatomy. 



PROXIMAL ROW OF CARPAL BONES. 



FIG. 454. 

 Palmar Side. 



Radial Side. scapho- v \f^*Q c . une *- Ulnar Side. 



lunar. 



Dorsal Side. 



PROXIMAL ROW OF LEFT CARPAL BONES IN POSITION, PROXIMAL 



ASPECT. 



