Xll 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



FIGURE PAGE 



67. The fourth and fifth lumbar verte- 



bra; 96 



68. The sixth aud seventh lumbar ver- 



tebra 96 



69. Last four lumbar vertebrae and sa- 



crum, ventral aspect 97 



70. The axial skeleton 99 



71. Transverse section of sacrum through 



sacral foramina 100 



72. The sacrum, ventral aspect .... 101 



73. Th* sacrum, posterior or caudal 



view 102 



74. The sacrum, anterior or cephalic 



view 103 



75. The sacrum, side view ...... 103 



76. The sacrum, dorsal aspect .... 104 



77. Longitudinal vertical section 



through sixth and seventh lum- 

 bar vertebrae and the sacrum . . 106 



78. Plan of a sacral vertebra, end view . 107 



79. The caudal vertebrae, dorsal aspect . 108 



80. Plan of a caudal vertebra, end 



view . 109 



81. The caudal vertebrae, ventral aspect 111 



82. Sacrum partially united with sev- 



enth lumbar vertebra 123 



83. Abnormal vertebra ........ 125 



84. Abnormal thoracic vertebra .... 125 



85. Human vertebral column, lateral 



view. (Leidy) 126 



86. Human cervical vertebra, upper 



view. (Leidy) 127 



87. Human axis, side view. (Leidy) . 127 



88. Human atlas, upper view. (Leidy) 127 



89. Human thoracic vertebra, side view. 



(Leidy) 128 



90. Human lumbar vertebra, side view. 



(Leidy) 129 



91. Human sacrum, front view. (Leidy) 130 



92. Human sacrum, back view. (Leidy) 130 



93. Human coccyx, posterior view. 



(Leidy) 131 



94. The skeleton of the cat 132 



95. Fifth right rib, posterior or caudal 



aspect 134 



96. Fifth right rib, anterior or cephalic 



aspect 136 



97. Cephalic end of thorax. Three 



thoracic vertebrae, three pairs of 

 ribs, and three sternebrae .... 139 



98. The thorax, right side viewed ob- 



liquely from in front and above . 140 



99. The thorax, ventral aspect .... 147 



100. Typical sternebra, ventral view . . 148 



101. Typical sternebra, dorsal view . . . 149 



102. Manubrium of sternum, viewed from 



above, behind, and the right side 149 



103. The skeleton of the cat , 152 



104. Human thorax, front view. (Leidy) 157 



FIGURE PAGE 



105. The skull, lateral aspect 159 



106. Side view of all the bones of the 



cranium except the ethmoid, sepa- 

 rated into three rings 160 



107. The skull, lower aspect 162 



108. Position of occipital bone .... 163 



109. Occipital bone, side view 163 



110. Occipital bone, outer or posterior 



surface 165 



111. Occipital bone, inner or anterior 



surface 167 



112. Trte skull, posterior aspect 170 



113. Human occipital bone, external 



view. (Leidy) 174 



114. Human occipital bone, internal 



view. (Leidy) 175 



115. Position of left parietal bone, side 



view 176 



116. Left parietal bone, outer surface . . 177 



117. Left parietal bone, inner surface . . 178 



118. The skull, side view of cranial and 



nasal cavities . . "180 



119. Position of interparietal bone . . . 183 



120. Interparietal bone, outer surface . . 184 



121. Interparietal bone, anterior surface 184 



122. Human left parietal bone, outer 



view. (Leidy) 185 



123. Human left parietal bone, inner 



view. (Leidy) 185 



124. Position of temporal bone 186 



125. The skull, the left side 187 



126. Parts of the temporal bone .... 188 



127. The skull, lower aspect 189 



128. Position of squamous portion . . . 190 



129. Left temporal bone, outer surface . 191 



130. The skull, from above 193 



131. Inferior surface of squamous portion 



of temporal bone, the petrous and 

 tympanic portions i*emoved . . . 194 



132. Left temporal bone, inner surface, 



petrous portion removed .... 196 



133. Position of petrous portion .... 198 



134. Transverse vertical section of skull 



through external auditory meatus 198 



135. Left temporal bone, inner aspect . 199 



136. Diagram of left internal auditory 



ini-jitus 200 



137. The skull, lower aspect 202 



138. Petrous portion of temporal bone, 



anterior surface 203 



139. Petrous portion of temporal bone, 



inferior surface 204 



140. Position of mastoid portion .... 207 



141. Left temporal bone, outer surface . 208 



142. Left temporal bone, inner asp'ect . . 209 



143. Position of entotympanic 211 



144. Position of ectotympanic 211 



145. Transverse vertical section of skull, 



through external auditory meatus 213 



