112 



KEY TO FAMILIES OF LAND BIRDS 



Fig. 1G7. 



7'. Bill not wider than high at 



base ; plumage largely black 



or yellow . . . Icteridae : 



Blackbirds, Orioles, 



etc., p. 285. 



Fig. 1G6. 



3'. Primaries obviously 10. 



4. First primary more than half i 

 as long as second. 



5. Bill hooked at tip 



Fig. 168. 



. . Laiiiidae : 

 Shrikes, p. 391. 



Fig. 169. 



Fig. 170. 



5'. Bill not hooked at tip. 

 0. Nasal feathers erect or inclined back- 

 ward (except genus Oroscaptes, in 

 which the first primary is not half as 

 long as second) Troglodytidce : 

 Wrens, Thrashers, Mocking- 

 birds, and Catbirds, p. 433. 

 6'. Nasal feathers pointing forward over 

 bill. 



7. Large ; wing more than 4. 



Corvidee: Crows, Jays, 

 Magpies, etc., p. 269. 



Fig. 171. 



Fig. 173. 



7'. Small, wing less than 2. Paridae : 

 Nuthatches and Tits (Genus 

 Chamcea: Wren-tits), p. 452. 

 Fig. 172. 



4'. First primary not 

 more than half \? 

 as long as sec- A 

 ond. 



5. Tarsus not divided into 

 plates except near 

 toes. Fig. 174. 



6. Tail abnormally short ; plumage slate 

 gray. Cinclidce : Dippers, p. 4:J2. 

 G'.Tail normally long; plumage green 



or brown. 



7. Small, wing less than 2.50; plum- 

 age greenish. Sylviidee : King- 

 lets. Gnatcatchers, etc. 

 (Genus Reyulus : AV///e/.s), p. 46:5. 

 7'. Large : wing more than 3 ; plum- 

 age brown or grayish. 

 Turdidae : Thrushes, p. 467. 



