KEY TO FAMILIES OF LAND BIRDS 



111 



Fig. 153. 



Fig. 154. 



Fig. 155. 



^^ O 3 . Hind claw shorter than its toe and curved ; bill 

 ^^ flat, wider than high, slightly hooked at tip. 



Tyraunidae : Flycatchers, p. 245. 

 Fig. 152. 



2'. Back of tarsus sharp-edged. 



3. Primaries apparently only 9, the 10th being 

 only a rudiment. 



4. Outer primary twice as long as innermost. 

 Hirundinidee : Swallows, p. 382. 



4'. Outer primary not twice as long as inner- 

 most. 

 5. Bill slender and thin at base. 



6. Hind claw as long as or longer than 

 its toe .... Motacillidae : 

 Wagtails and Pipits, p. 431. 



6'. Hind claw shorter than its toe. 



7. Head crested . Ampelidee : 

 Waxwings and 

 Phainopeplas, p. 387. 



I 7'. Head not crested. 



Mniotiltidae : 

 Wood Warblers, p. 401. 

 Fig. 157. 



5. Bill short and thick or long and thick 



at base. 



6. Bill notched at tip and with bristles 

 at gape. 



^S. 



O 

 i 



7. Nostril concealed or overhung, 

 or else cutting edge of lower 

 mandible forming a distinct 

 angle . . . Friiigillidae : 

 Finches, Sparrows, 

 etc., p. 303. 



Nostril exposed, cutting edges of 

 lower mandible without dis- 

 tinct angle ; males with more or 

 less red, females greenish and 

 yelloAvish . . Taiiagridae : 

 Tanagers, p. 379. 



G'. Bill without notch at tip and with- 

 out bristles at base. 

 7. Bill wider than high at base ; 

 plumage greenish, speckled. 



Sturiiidae : 

 Starlings, p. 285. 



Fig. 1G3. 



Fig. 164. 



