xlvi INTRODUCTION 



Tyrannus verticalis : Arkansas King-bird. A kingbii'd is found at Port- 

 land, but is rare, and the species not determined. 



Contopus borealis : Olive-sided Flycatcher. -- Common in tall firs. 



Contopus richardsonii : Western Wood Pewee. - - Very common every- 

 where ; often seen in shade trees about the city. 



Empidonax d(fficilis : Western Flycatcher. Probably taken in migra- 

 tion. 



Empidonax traillii : Traill Flycatcher. Very common in alder and 

 vine maple thickets. 



Alauda arvensis : Skylark. Introduced. Common in open fields on the 

 east side of the river ; not seen elsewhere. 



Otocoris alpestris strigata : Streaked Horned Lark. Not uncommon in 

 suitable localities. 



Pica pica hudsonica : American Mag-pie. Not common ; a few are found 

 along the Columbia. 



Cyanocitta stelleri : Steller Jay. Common everywhere in the region of 

 Portland. 



Aphelocoma californica : California Jay. Rare ; more common during 

 migrations. 



Perisoreus obscurus : Oregon Jay. Rare. 



Corvus caurinus : Northwest Crow (?). Crows are abundant, but species 

 not determined. 



Sturnus vulgaris : Starling. Introduced ; still rare. 



Agelaius phceniceus caurinus: Northwestern Redwing. More or less com- 

 mon. 



Sturnella magna neglecta : Western Meadowlark. Abundant resident. 



Icterus bullocki : Bullock Oriole. Rather common in cottonwoods and 

 oaks along the river. 



Scolecophagus cyanocephalus : Brewer Blackbird. Abundant resident; 

 more common in open fields. 



Coccothraustes vespertinus montanus : Western Evening Grosbeak. Abun- 

 dant winter resident, flocking about the maples in the streets ; remark- 

 ably tame. 



Carpodacus purpiireus calif ornicus : California Purple Finch. Common in 

 fields about the city. 



Loxia curvirostra minor: Crossbill. Rare. 



Astragalinus tristissalicamans : Willow Goldfinch. Abundant. 



Astragalinus psaltria : Arkansas Goldfinch. Not uncommon. 



Spinus pinus : Pine Siskin. --Not uncommon; nests about the city in 

 large firs (;*). 



Passer dotttesticus : English sparrow. Abundant in the city. 



Pouecetes gramineus affinis: Oregon Vesper Sparrow. Common in open 

 fields. 



Ammodramus sandwichensis : Sandwich Sparrow. Specimens taken dur- 

 ing migrations were nearer this form than any other, but not typical. 



Ammodramus sandivichensis alaudinus : Western Savanna Sparrow. Com- 

 mon in cultivated fields. 



Zonotrichia leucophrys gambefii : Gambel Sparrow. Common during mi- 

 grations. 



Zonotrichia leucophrys nutta/li : Nuttall Sparrow. -- Abundant summer 

 resident ; nests in thickets and low brush. 



Zonotrichia coronata : Golden-crowned Sparrow. Common during migra- 

 tion for a few days. 



Spizdla socialis arizonce : Western Chipping Sparrow. - - Abundant sum- 

 mer resident. 



Junco hi/emails orcyanus : Oregon Junco. Abundant resident. 



