82 



ELEMENTS OF MAMMALIAN ANATOMY. 



the bone to a level 



-itn 



FIG. 41.-- ANTERIOR 

 OR CEPHALIC AS- 

 PECT OF RIGHT 

 TIBIA. 



at, Articulatory sur- 

 face for the astrag- 

 alus ; cr, crest ; et, ex- 

 ternal tuberosity ; fc, 

 facet for articulation 

 with the fibula; im, 

 internal malleolus ; 

 */, internal tuberos- 

 ity; /g, ligament of 

 the patella cut off; 

 tb, tubercle. 



nia have any trace 



with the head. On this process are 

 inserted the pyriformis, gluteus me- 

 dius, and gluteus minimus muscles, all 

 of which originate on the innominate 

 bone. The lesser trochanter is the small 

 projection on the caudal aspect of the 

 proximal portion of the bone (Fig. 40). 

 The inter trochanter ic ridge or posterior 

 intertrochanteric line extends be- 

 tween the two trochanters, and lying 

 between this line and the neck is the 

 digital fossa. The external and in- 

 ternal condyles are the articulatory 

 processes on the distal end of the bone. 

 The blunt projections at their roots 

 are the external and internal tuberos- 

 ities. The inter condyloid notch forms 

 the depression on the caudal aspect 

 between the condyles. On the ceph- 

 alic aspect is the trochlear surface for 

 articulation with the patella. Two 

 small sesamoid bones, the fabellae, are 

 present on the caudal aspect of the 

 condyles, but they are usually re- 

 moved in preparing the skeleton. The 

 linea aspera is the slightly roughened 

 line beginning on the caudal side, dis- 

 tal to the middle and extending proxi- 

 mally a short distance, where it bifur- 

 cates. 



The form of the femur varies but 

 little among mammals having func- 

 tional posterior limbs. No living Sire- 

 of a femur, but a vestigial femur is 



