144 



ELEMENTS OF MAMMALIAN ANATOMY. 



the left arm, brain, and sternum (Fig. 70). Ten pairs 

 of intercostal arteries supply the intercostal spaces, 

 muscles of the back, and the spinal cord. Two bronchial 

 arteries go to the lung tissue. Two to four esophageal 



arteries are distributed to the 

 esophagus. Two or three pairs 

 of lumbar arteries pierce the 

 muscles of the back. 



The abdominal aorta gives 

 off the following branches : the 

 cceliac axis, the superior mes- 

 enteric, the adrenolumbalis, a 

 pair of renal, a pair of genital, 

 an inferior mesenteric, a pair 

 of iliolumbar, seven or eight 

 pairs of lumbar, a pair of ex- 

 ternal iliacs, a pair of internal 

 iliacs, and a caudal artery 

 (Fig. 70). 



The coeliac axis is a large 

 branch arising just caudad to 

 the diaphragm and gives off 

 the hepatic branch to the liver, 

 pancreas, and duodenum, the 



FIG. 70. CHIEF ARTERIES OF THE 

 TRUNK, VENTRAL ASPECT. 



ar, Arch of the aorta; be, brachioceph- 

 alic; cc, coeliac axis; cd, caudal; c, 

 coronary; /, gastric; gr, gastric; gas, 

 gastroduodenalis ; hp, hepatic; ht, 

 location of heart ; icn, intercostals ; 

 ic, external iliac; it, internal iliac; 

 il, iliolumbar; im, inferior mesen- 

 teric ; Is, left subclavian ; //>/, left 



pulmonary; m, splenic; o, splenic; r, right pulmonary; re, renal; sp, splenic 

 trunk ; sms, superior mesenteric; sm, spermatic or ovarian; s, adrenolum- 

 balis; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, lumbar arteries. 



