THE EXCRETORY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS. 177 



near where the ureters empty, the urethra originates and 

 passes along the ventral surface of the vagina to the vesti- 

 bule, within which it opens (Fig. 83). In the male it passes 

 directly from the bladder along the ventral surface of the 

 rectum to the root of the penis at the pubic symphysis, 

 and thence on through the corpus spongiosum to the point 

 of the penis. The ureter, bladder, and urethra consist 

 largely of muscular tissue, the lining being formed by 

 mucous membrane. 



THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. 



The female reproductive organs are the two ovaries, a 

 pair of Fallopian tubes, a uterus, and a vagina. To 

 demonstrate these, the entire ventral abdominal wall 

 must be removed and the pubic symphysis severed with 

 the bone-cutters. The ovaries are the small yellowish 

 oval bodies about one centimeter long lying just caudad 

 of the kidneys, against the dorsal abdominal wall. From 

 the vicinity of each extends a tube caudad to join its 

 fellow in the median line ventrad to the rectum (Figs. 54 

 and 83). The cephalic portions of these are the Fallopian 

 tubes, and the larger caudal portions are the cornua of 

 the uterus. The junction of the cornua in the median 

 line forms the body of the uterus. 



The Fallopian tube is smaller in diameter than the 

 cornu of the uterus, generally more or less contorted, and 

 terminates by a fimbriated expansion or mouth opening 

 freely into the abdominal cavity. 



The Fallopian tubes and uterus are suspended by the 

 broad ligament, or ligamentum latum, which is a fold of 

 the peritoneum attached to the dorsal abdominal wall. 

 The round ligament, or ligamentum rotundum, also aids 

 in keeping the uterus in place. This appears as a thicken- 

 15 



